Adenosquamous carcinoma of the esophagus: A literature review

Abstract

Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the esophagus is an uncommon type of esophageal cancer that contains both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma elements. Data on this biologically unique type of cancer are limited and mainly stem from case reports and small case series. We performed an audit of the available literature and synthesized a review on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, histopathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ASCs. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the esophagus is a rare type of esophageal cancer. Histological examination is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of ASC and patients usually receive multimodal treatment. Patient outcomes are not well defined and further research could help us better understand the pathophysiology and unique needs of patients with this rare malignancy.

Advances in the prevention and treatment of esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection of early esophageal cancer

“…In comparison with endoscopic injection of autologous cell suspension, cell sheets can contain more cells and reduce the risk of bleeding and perforation during injection. Their therapeutic effect stems from three biological activities: (1) promoting keratinization and migration of epithelial cells, (2) preventing inflammatory immune cells from infiltrating into the wound, and (3) inhibiting fibrosis. [80] In a previous study, [81] mucosal tissue samples were obtained from the oral cavity of nine patients, cultured into cell sheets, and placed into the esophagus after ESD.…”

“…Esophageal cancer is currently the eighth most common cancer worldwide; it ranks sixth among the causes of cancer-related deaths. [ 1 ] For patients with distant metastasis or lymph node infiltration (women are generally more resistant to metastatic spread [ 2 ] ), operation, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are usually adopted.Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a sophisticated endoscopic technique that has been widely applied and recognized in clinical practice. [ 3 ] For patients with early esophageal cancer, ESD is a safe, effective, and feasible first-line treatment option.…”

EUS-guided fine-needle technique facilitates the establishment of organoid biobanks

“…Second, culturing techniques for tumor organoids are complex, with different tissues and even different subtypes requiring different culturing conditions. Thus, further investigations are needed to identify a more rational approach;[ 33 34 ] however, overall, organoids can adequately recapitulate the genetic, physiological, and morphological features of the corresponding in vivo tissues. They are also suitable for use in high-throughput drug screening, which suggests that organoids can serve as research models for personalized therapies.…”

Increased proportion of the squamous cell carcinoma component is associated with worse survival in resected gastric adenosquamous carcinoma

“…[ 9 ] However, the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA) suggests that the SCC component exceeds 25% of the primary tumor. [ 10 ] This discrepancy in diagnostic criteria also exists in ASC of other organs, such as the esophagus [ 11 , 12 ] and pancreas. [ 13 ] This divergence comes mainly from the unsure definition of rational thresholds.…”