Adenosine Triphosphate Conservation in Metabolic Regulation

Atkinson, Daniel E.; Walton, Gordon M.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)95956-9

Cited by 795 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…ATP, ADP and AMP determination in testicular tissue by using Ultrasphere ODS EC 250 × 4.6 mm column, Mobile phase phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 7.0 and acetonitrile, wave length 254 nm 43 . Total adenylate energy charge (AEC) was calculated according to the equation: AEC = (ATP + 0.5ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP) 44 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective role of resveratrol against sulfoxaflor‐induced toxicity in testis of adult male rats

Said

Abd-Elrazek

El-Dash

2021

Environmental Toxicology

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This work was designed to explore the protective role of resveratrol (RES) against sulfoxaflor (Sulfx)‐induced reproductive toxicity in adult male rats. The animals were divided into six groups: Control group, Sulfx treated groups (79.5 and 205 mg/kg/day), RES treated group (20 mg/kg/day), RES + Sulfx treated groups (20 mg/kg Res + 79.5 or 205 mg/kg Sulfx) orally for 28 consecutive days. Testicular samples were collected from all groups at the end of the treatment period. Tissue supernatants were isolated for oxidative stress and cellular energy parameters; tissue samples were prepared for histopathological examination. In addition, caspase‐3 activity was calculated to assess spermatogenesis. Finally, DNA laddering assay was performed to detect DNA fragmentation as a hallmark of apoptosis. Our results showed that Sulfx treatment induced a significant increase in testicular levels of MDA, NOx, GSSG and reduced GSH level and cellular energy parameters in a dose‐dependent manner compared to the control group. The results were confirmed by histopathological study which showed pathological changes in Sulfx treated groups. A significant increase in caspase 3 and DNA fragmentation was also observed. However, concomitant administration of RES to Sulfx ‐treated rats showed significant modulation against Sulfx‐induced reproductive toxicity and attenuated the biochemical, apoptotic and histopathological changes. In conclusion, our results suggest that exposure to Sulfx at the two selected doses induces testicular toxicity and these effects can be ameliorated by supplementation of RES.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective role of resveratrol against sulfoxaflor‐induced toxicity in testis of adult male rats

Said

Abd-Elrazek

El-Dash

2021

Environmental Toxicology

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“…3). On the basis of the adenylate kinase reaction (2ADP ↔ ATP ϩ AMP), the energy charge, which takes into account the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and AMP, is used as an index of cellular energy status (38). The energy charge exhibited an almost constant value throughout the LD cycle (Fig.…”

Section: Downregulation Of Photosynthesis and Respiration During The Evening And Night In C Merolae And C Reinhardtiimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy charge exhibited an almost constant value throughout the LD cycle (Fig. 3) as calculated by the following formula (38):…”

Section: Downregulation Of Photosynthesis and Respiration During The Evening And Night In C Merolae And C Reinhardtiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Day/Night Separation of Oxygenic Energy Metabolism and Nuclear DNA Replication in the Unicellular Red Alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae

Miyagishima

Era

Hasunuma

et al. 2019

mBio

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The transition from G1 to S phase and subsequent nuclear DNA replication in the cells of many species of eukaryotic algae occur predominantly during the evening and night in the absence of photosynthesis; however, little is known about how day/night changes in energy metabolism and cell cycle progression are coordinated and about the advantage conferred by the restriction of S phase to the night. Using a synchronous culture of the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, we found that the levels of photosynthetic and respiratory activities peak during the morning and then decrease toward the evening and night, whereas the pathways for anaerobic consumption of pyruvate, produced by glycolysis, are upregulated during the evening and night as reported recently in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Inhibition of photosynthesis by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) largely reduced respiratory activity and the amplitude of the day/night rhythm of respiration, suggesting that the respiratory rhythm depends largely on photosynthetic activity. Even when the timing of G1/S-phase transition was uncoupled from the day/night rhythm by depletion of retinoblastoma-related (RBR) protein, the same patterns of photosynthesis and respiration were observed, suggesting that cell cycle progression and energy metabolism are regulated independently. Progression of the S phase under conditions of photosynthesis elevated the frequency of nuclear DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). These results suggest that the temporal separation of oxygenic energy metabolism, which causes oxidative stress, from nuclear DNA replication reduces the risk of DSB during cell proliferation in C. merolae. IMPORTANCE Eukaryotes acquired chloroplasts through an endosymbiotic event in which a cyanobacterium or a unicellular eukaryotic alga was integrated into a previously nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic cell. Photosynthesis by chloroplasts enabled algae to expand their habitats and led to further evolution of land plants. However, photosynthesis causes greater oxidative stress than mitochondrion-based respiration. In seed plants, cell division is restricted to nonphotosynthetic meristematic tissues and populations of photosynthetic cells expand without cell division. Thus, seemingly, photosynthesis is spatially sequestrated from cell proliferation. In contrast, eukaryotic algae possess photosynthetic chloroplasts throughout their life cycle. Here we show that oxygenic energy conversion (daytime) and nuclear DNA replication (night time) are temporally sequestrated in C. merolae. This sequestration enables “safe” proliferation of cells and allows coexistence of chloroplasts and the eukaryotic host cell, as shown in yeast, where mitochondrial respiration and nuclear DNA replication are temporally sequestrated to reduce the mutation rate.

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“…21 Intracellular ATP levels drop 2-to 3-fold during muscle fatigue. 22 Large changes in ATP are often accompanied by changes in other adenylate nucleotides in an attempt to maintain the energy charge above 0.5, 23 since values < 0.5 are lethal. The energy charge of the adenylate system is defined as half the average number of anhydride-bound phosphate groups per adenine moiety and may assume a value between 1 (ATP only) and 0 (only AMP present).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy charge of the adenylate system is defined as half the average number of anhydride-bound phosphate groups per adenine moiety and may assume a value between 1 (ATP only) and 0 (only AMP present). 23 The energy charge of the adenylate pool:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%