Adenosine in exercise adaptation.

Simpson, Richard E.; Phillis, John W.

doi:10.1136/bjsm.26.1.54

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…One possible mechanism for elevated AOE activities in the trained animals could be that the mitochondria consumes more oxygen to provide ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Adenosine, a product of ATP, is reported to have several regulative effects on the body's complex adaptation to exercise, one of which may be an induction of AOE activity (Simpson and Phillis, 1992). Furthermore, the fact that elevated activity was seen in the SW-T(N) rats prompts us to speculate that an AO supplementation may not be a pre-requisite in the young, unlike in the old, where an AO-enriched diet is essential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Dietary vitamin E and physical exercise: II. Antioxidant status and lipofuscin-like substances in aging rat heart

Devi

Shetty

Subramanyam

2003

Experimental Gerontology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The heart faces a high risk of free radical injury owing to a slow generation of antioxidant (AO) enzymes by its cells. A general decline in this system may be another reason for the development of age-related diseases. Although the correlation between aging and exercise has been studied extensively, these studies have produced conflicting data on the effects of vitamin E on the aging heart, when it is introduced as an intervening factor. To investigate these effects, we determined the activities of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LP), lipofuscin (LF)-like autofluorescent substances and vitamin E content in the left and right ventricles (LV and RV) of the heart in male Wistar albino rats of 4-(young adults), 8-(old adults), 12-(middle-age) and 22-mos(old) of age. Animals were orally supplemented with vitamin E and allowed to swim for 30 min/day, 5 days/week and for a total period of 60 days. Exercise training in all the age groups except the old was effective in upregulating the SOD activity. Old trainees showed an increase in SOD activity when supplemented with vitamin E. In the 22-mo-olds, a remarkable decrease in CAT activity was seen. Exercise by itself upregulated the CAT as well as SOD activity in all age groups except the old wherein vitamin E was effective in increasing the activities of AOEs. Supplementation significantly reduced LP as evidenced by lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) and LF-like autofluorescent substances in the trained as well as sedentary rats. Tissue vitamin E content was low in the swim trainees that were not supplemented. This change, well emphasized in the trainee groups of 22-mo-old suggests the probable utilization of vitamin E in keeping free radicals at bay. Our results suggest that vitamin E can stand out as a significant tool in ameliorating the declining AO defense in the old rats. q

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Dietary vitamin E and physical exercise: II. Antioxidant status and lipofuscin-like substances in aging rat heart

Devi

Shetty

Subramanyam

2003

Experimental Gerontology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Roque, et al [25] showed enhanced extracellular adenine nucleotides hydrolysis, increased activity and expression of heart 5'-nucleotidase, and increased coronary blood flow and angiogenesis. This suggests that Ado exerts a strong effect on the adaptation to exercise by affecting the angiogenesis regulation, erythropoietin production, plasma norepinephrine, and epinephrine levels, myocardial glucose uptake, and alternating blood flow, glycogenolysis, systolic blood pressure, and respiration [26][27][28].…”

Section: Plasma Purine Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Training on Erythrocyte Energy Status and Plasma Purine Metabolites in Athletes

Pospieszna¹,

Kusy²,

Słomińska

et al. 2019

Metabolites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to assess the changes in red blood cell (RBC) energy status and plasma purine metabolites concentration over a one-year training cycle in endurance-trained (EN; n = 11, 20-26 years), and sprint-trained (SP; n = 11, 20-30 years) competitive athletes in comparison to recreationally-trained individuals (RE; n = 11, 20-26 years). Somatic, physiological, and biochemical variables were measured in four training phases differing in exercise load profile: transition, general, specific, and competition. Significantly highest values of RBC adenylate energy charge (AEC; p ≤ 0.001), ATP-to-ADP and ADP-to-AMP ratios (p ≤ 0.05), and plasma levels of adenosine (Ado; p ≤ 0.05) were noted in the competition phase in the EN and SP, but not in the RE group. Significantly lowest plasma levels of adenosine diphosphate (ADP; p ≤ 0.05), adenosine monophosphate (AMP; p ≤ 0.001), inosine (Ino; p ≤ 0.001), and hypoxanthine (Hx; p ≤ 0.001) accompanied by higher erythrocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activity (p ≤ 0.001), were observed in the competition phase in both athletic groups. No significant alterations were found in the erythrocyte concentration of guanine nucleotides in any group. In conclusion, periodized training of competitive athletes' results in a favorable adaptation of RBC metabolism. The observed changes cover improved RBC energy status (increased AEC and ATP/ADP ratio) and reduced purine loss with more efficient erythrocyte purine pool recovery (increased HGPRT activity and plasma levels of Ado; decreased Hx and Ino concentration).Metabolites 2020, 10, 5 2 of 15 to sedentary humans, besides increased erythropoiesis, there is also observed enhanced erythrocyte turnover and an increase in the number of young red blood cells [2,3].The RBCs' vitality, resilience, and functioning rely on their energy metabolism, mainly glycolysis, which is the only source of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in RBC [7]. Since ATP resynthesis involves multistep metabolic pathways, the amount of RBC energy resources is usually described by the concentration of ATP, adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate ratio (ATP/ADP), and the adenylate energy charge (AEC) [8].There are scant studies reporting changes in purine nucleotide catabolite concentration in human and animal erythrocytes in response to single bouts of exercise [3,[9][10][11]. The results obtained from humans suggest that both maximum- [3,9] and moderate-intensity [10] exercise do not significantly affect the total adenylate and guanylate concentration, while adenine (but not guanine) nucleotide concentration in the adenylate pool considerably changes. A substantial post-exercise decrease in adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) concentration leads to an increase in ATP/ADP ratio, ADP/AMP ratio, and AEC. These observations are in line with data derived from animals [11].The research conducted so far demonstrated that there were significant differences between trained and sedentary individuals in erythrocyte energetics ...

show abstract

“…Since adenosine production is dependent on the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) catalysis, the level of adenosine increases under stress conditions, such as endurance training or increased use of ATP over time. It seems that adenosine plays an important role in the complex adaptation of the body to endurance training; because of its rapid production, it is considered an ideal molecular agent for many regulatory mechanisms (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endurance Training and Exogenous Adenosine Infusion Mitigate Hippocampal Inflammation and Cell Death in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Cerebral ischemia can cause irreversible structural and functional damages to the brain, especially to the hippocampus. Preconditioning with endurance training and endogenous adenosine infusion may reduce ischemia-associated damages. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preconditioning with endurance training and endogenous adenosine infusion on cell death in the hippocampal CA1 region following ischemia/reperfusion injuries in a rat model. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: (1) control (n = 8); (2) ischemia (n = 12); (3) endurance training + ischemia (n = 12); (4) adenosine infusion + ischemia (n = 12); and (5) endurance training + adenosine infusion + ischemia (n = 12). The rats in the training groups ran on a treadmill five days per week for eight weeks. In the adenosine infusion groups, the rats were injected 0.1 mg/mL/kg of adenosine intraperitoneally. Also, in the ischemic groups, both common carotid arteries were clamped for 45 minutes. Cresyl violet staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay were used to evaluate cell death and cytokine gene expression, respectively. Results: Based on the present results, treatments, including endurance training + ischemia, adenosine infusion + ischemia, and endurance training + adenosine infusion + ischemia reduced the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and glutamate gene expression, respectively, compared to the group of ischemia only. In contrast, the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and adenosine receptor (A2A) genes increased by seven, four, and two folds in the endurance training + ischemia, adenosine infusion + ischemia, and endurance training + adenosine infusion + ischemia groups, respectively, compared to the group of ischemia only. Conclusions: Endurance training on a treadmill and exogenous adenosine infusion synergistically diminished cell death and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while promoting the neurotrophic factor expression. When endurance training and adenosine infusion were used as stimulants before the induction of cerebral ischemia, they significantly reduced cell death.

show abstract

Adenosine in exercise adaptation.

Cited by 21 publications

References 61 publications

Dietary vitamin E and physical exercise: II. Antioxidant status and lipofuscin-like substances in aging rat heart

Dietary vitamin E and physical exercise: II. Antioxidant status and lipofuscin-like substances in aging rat heart

The Effect of Training on Erythrocyte Energy Status and Plasma Purine Metabolites in Athletes

Endurance Training and Exogenous Adenosine Infusion Mitigate Hippocampal Inflammation and Cell Death in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About