1985
DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03648.x
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Adenosine deaminase: characterization and expression of a gene with a remarkable promoter.

Abstract: Cosmid clones containing the gene for human adenosine deaminase (ADA) were isolated. The gene is 32 kb long and split into 12 exons. The exact sizes and boundaries of the exon blocks including the transcription start sites were determined. The sequence upstream from this cap site lacks the TATA and CAAT boxes characteristic for eukaryotic promoters. Nevertheless, we have shown in a functional assay that a stretch of 135 bp immediately preceding the cap site has promoter activity. This 135‐bp DNA fragment is ex… Show more

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Cited by 322 publications
(144 citation statements)
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“…These additional 5' sequences agree with genomic sequence of this region (24,25) and indicate that there are multiple transcription initiation sites within the 5' end of the human ADA gene. S1 nuclease analysis of the 5' ends of ADA mRNA in our laboratory (J.C.S., unpublished data) has shown that there is a major initiation site, base 1 of the consensus sequence, and several very minor initiation sites.…”
Section: Methodssupporting
confidence: 74%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…These additional 5' sequences agree with genomic sequence of this region (24,25) and indicate that there are multiple transcription initiation sites within the 5' end of the human ADA gene. S1 nuclease analysis of the 5' ends of ADA mRNA in our laboratory (J.C.S., unpublished data) has shown that there is a major initiation site, base 1 of the consensus sequence, and several very minor initiation sites.…”
Section: Methodssupporting
confidence: 74%
“…We have previously reported a similar ADA cDNA sequence pADA3-3 (21). In both cases, the intron 7 sequence is identical to intron 7 of the normal ADA gene (24,25 we do not believe that the absence of exon 7 or the inclusion of intron 7 is relevant to ADA deficiency.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 74%
“…Several characteristics of the Giza promoter, such as high G + C content, high frequency of GpC dinucleotides, multiple GC boxes, and lack of a TATA box are common to the promoters of ras [29,30] and 'housekeeping' genes, such as the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase [31], EGF receptor [32], HMG-CoA reductase [33], and adenosine deaminase [34] genes. These promoter characteristics are presumably important for allowing these genes to be ubiquitously expressed.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The absence of TATA boxes is common for promoters of 'housekeeping' genes; these genes often have multiple transcription initiation sites (Valerio et al, 1985). The transcription of a single gene from multiple promoters has important consequences for the fine regulation of gene expression, e.g.…”
Section: Regulationmentioning
confidence: 99%