Adenoid Vegetations – Reservoir of Bacteria for Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion and Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Davcheva-Chakar, Marina; Kaftandzhieva, Ana; Zafirovska, Beti

doi:10.1515/prilozi-2015-0080

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Frimer et al conducted a study in Israel in which they performed PSG and analyzed the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children in different seasons. However, they did not find any significant differences [ 2 ]. As the study of sleep, polysomnography deals with the air flow through the nasopharynx, but not its anatomical and functional structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy in preschool and primary school children is estimated to be 49.7% [ 1 ]. The adenoid tissue may cause otitis media with effusion due to supranormal size, disruption of nasopharyngeal ventilation, Eustachian tube obstruction, mucus accumulation, oedema, and upper respiratory tract infection [ 2 ]. Other ethological factors are craniofacial malformations, mechanical obstruction of the nasopharynx, allergies, and immunodeficiency [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of the Thermal Seasons on Adenoid Size, Its Mucus Coverage and Otitis Media with Effusion: A Cohort Study

Masna

Zwierz

Domagalski

et al. 2021

JCM

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Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze seasonal differences in adenoid size and related mucus levels via endoscopy, as well as to estimate changes in middle ear effusion via tympanometry. Methods: In 205 children with adenoid hypertrophy, endoscopic choanal assessment, adenoid hypertrophy assessment using the Bolesławska scale, and mucus coverage assessment using the MASNA scale were performed in two different thermal seasons, summer and winter. The study was conducted in two sequences of examination, summer to winter and winter to summer, constituting two separate groups. Additionally, in order to measure changes in middle ear effusion, tympanometry was performed. Results: Overall, 99 (48.29%) girls and 106 (51.71%) boys, age 2–12 (4.46 ± 1.56) were included in the study. The first group, examined in summer (S/W group), included 100 (48.78%) children, while the group first examined in winter (W/S group) contained 105 (51.22%) children. No significant relationship was observed between the respective degrees of adenoid hypertrophy as measures by the Bolesławska scale between the S/W and W/S groups in winter (p = 0.817) and in summer (p = 0.432). The degrees of mucus coverage of the adenoids using the MASNA scale and tympanograms were also comparable in summer (p = 0.382 and p = 0.757, respectively) and in winter (p = 0.315 and p = 0.252, respectively) between the S/W and W/S groups. In the total sample, analyses of the degrees of adenoid hypertrophy using the Bolesławska three-step scale for seasonality showed that patients analysed in the summer do not differ significantly when compared to patients analysed in the winter (4.39%/57.56%/38.05% vs. 4.88%/54.63%/40.49%, respectively; p = 0.565). In contrast, the amount of mucus on the adenoids increased in winter on the MASNA scale (p = 0.000759). In addition, the results of tympanometry showed deterioration of middle ear function in the winter (p = 0.0000149). Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that the thermal seasons did not influence the size of the pharyngeal tonsils. The increase and change in mucus coverage of the adenoids and deterioration of middle ear tympanometry in winter may be the cause of seasonal clinical deterioration in children, rather than tonsillar hypertrophy. The MASNA scale was found to be useful for comparing endoscopy results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Thermal Seasons on Adenoid Size, Its Mucus Coverage and Otitis Media with Effusion: A Cohort Study

Masna

Zwierz

Domagalski

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…Some authors prefer to speak of relationship between CRS and adenoiditis [18,19,20] rather than between AH and CRS, but most prefer the latter, in consideration of the etiology of AH as a likely consequence of chronic adenoiditis [17,21,22,23]. Over the past few years, several authors demonstrated the correlation between AH and CRS through different types of studies, based on the endoscopic study of the adenoid volume [24] on the same bacterial strains both on the adenoidal tissue and in the nasal sinuses [20,22,23,25,26,27,28] on the positive effects on CRS by adenoidectomy [21,29,30,31] on specific immunologic modifications [32,33,34] and on radiological findings [35]. The most important data that derives from the many studies is the multifactorial aspect of the relationship between adenoid and sinus pathology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further consolidation of this therapeutic approach was provided by Davcheva-Chakar and colleagues [28] who tested the susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from adenoid and sinus samples to the penicillin group, cefadroxil, cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, aminoglycoside, clindamycin, macrolides, quinolone, and cotrimoxazole. They showed that Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus pyogenes , and Staphylococcus aureus strains were susceptible to all these antibiotics, except for cotrimoxazole.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoidal Disease and Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children—Is There a Link?

Bulfamante

Saibene

Felisati

et al. 2019

JCM

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Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is an extremely common condition in the pediatric and adolescent populations that can lead to various medical conditions, including acute rhinosusitis, with a percentage of these progressing to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The relationship between AH and pediatric CRS has been extensively studied over the past few years and clinical consensus on the treatment has now been reached, allowing this treatment to become the preferred clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to review existing literature and data on the relationship between AH and CRS and the options for treatment. A systematic literature review was performed using a search line for “(Adenoiditis or Adenoid Hypertrophy) and Sinusitis and (Pediatric or Children)”. At the end of the evaluation, 36 complete texts were analyzed, 17 of which were considered eligible for the final study, dating from 1997 to 2018. The total population of children assessed in the various studies was of 2371. The studies were categorized as surgical-observational, microbiological, genetic-immunological, and radiological. The analysis of the studies confirms the relationship between AH and CRS and supports the existing consensus on medical and surgical therapy. Furthermore, these studies underline the necessity to adapt medical and surgical treatment considering age, comorbidities including asthma and, if present, the Computed Tomography (CT) score.

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“…As additional factors in OME, race, gender, climatic conditions, environment, humidity, socioeconomic status, duration of breastfeeding, living in a crowded home, going to nursery or kindergarten, passive smoking and gastro-oesophageal reflux have all been suggested as possible factors 5 . The effects of adenoid tissue on the formation of otitis media with effusion are due to supranormal size, disruption of the nasopharyngeal ventilation, obstruction of the Eustachian with a mass effect, accumulation of secretion, a source of infection, oedema due to inflammation and release of allergic inflammatory mediators from adenoid mast cells 6 . In our opinion, one of the most important limitations of screening studies aiming to reveal OME risk factors is the presence of unidentified adenoid tissue during examination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for otitis media with effusion in children with adenoid hypertrophy

Songu

İşlek

İmre

et al. 2020

Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital

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The aim of this study was to determine the most important risk factors in the development of otitis media with effusion (OME) in children with adenoid hypertrophy. A total of 539 patients undergoing surgery for adenoid hypertrophy (AH Group) (n = 429) or adenoid hypertrophy and otitis media with effusion (AH + OME Group) (n = 110) between February 2012 and February 2018 constituted the study group. Data were obtained on neonatal history (breastfeeding, bottle feeding), past health and medical history (presence of atopy or allergic rhinitis, snoring at night, cough, tonsillitis in the past 12 months), environmental factors (presence of pets, attending to daycare centers, district of school), family history (passive smoking at home, number of siblings, family size, parental education), and family income. The groups did not differ from each other for age (p = 0.684) and gender (p = 0.728). Our data support the presence of atopy or allergic rhinitis (p < 0.001), frequent (> 5) tonsillitis (p < 0.001), attending to daycare centers (p < 0.001), exposure to smoke (p < 0.001), having 3 or more siblings (p < 0.001), and 4 or more people in the household (p < 0.001) as the main risk factors for OME. Comprehensive knowledge of modifiable risk factors found in this study could help to minimise the complications of OME in children.

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Adenoid Vegetations – Reservoir of Bacteria for Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion and Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

The Impact of the Thermal Seasons on Adenoid Size, Its Mucus Coverage and Otitis Media with Effusion: A Cohort Study

The Impact of the Thermal Seasons on Adenoid Size, Its Mucus Coverage and Otitis Media with Effusion: A Cohort Study

Adenoidal Disease and Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children—Is There a Link?

Risk factors for otitis media with effusion in children with adenoid hypertrophy

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