Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia: The role of diet

Abstract

The incidence of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia (ACEGC) has been increasing for the past 10-15 years in the United States. The reason for this increase is unknown. This hospital-based case-control study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary and nutritional factors on the risk of ACECG. A total of 95 incident cases with pathological diagnosis and 132 cancer-free controls were included in the study. Patients were recruited at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1 November 1992 to 1 November 1994. Epidemiologic data were collected by a modified National Cancer Institute Health Habits History Questionnaire. Nutritional and dietary factors were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Increased risk of ACEGC was significantly related to higher intake of dietary calories and fat after controlling for several potential confounding factors. Decreased risk of ACEGC was significantly associated with high ingestion of dietary fiber, lutein, niacin, vitamin B6, iron, and zinc. Higher intakes of vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin E, folate, phosphorus, and potassium were associated with a decreased risk of the disease, but these were not statistically significant. The study suggests that ACEGC can be preventable through dietary interventions.

Risk factors for Barrett's esophagus: A case‐control study

“…Dietary fats and high caloric intake are associated with an increased risk of AC, while a protective role seem to be linked with high fiber diet, some vitamins, iron and zinc. 36 Obesity is a significant independent risk factor for hiatal hernia and is associated with esophagitis 37 and it is probably the greatest risk factor for AC 38 and the steadily increase of its prevalence parallels with the rise of esophageal and cardia AC.…”

The role of dietary factors in the intestinal and diffuse histologic subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma

“…26 The authors found that a high intake of dietary antioxitract. 9,12 In addition to fiber, there are a large number of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables that have dants were protective for both histologic subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma, although these findings were been shown to have anticarcinogenic properties. 26 The authors demonstrated that a high dietary innot significant because of small sample size.…”

“…mal gastric adenocarcinoma. 9 Vitamin B6, niacin, and folate are all necessary for biosynthesis of the DNA This study suggests that dietary factors contribute to the carcinogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma. It bases and deficiency of either has been shown to cause abnormal pairing of DNA bases, which can result in also appears that although the dietary risk and protective factors are common to both the intestinal and mutation and the subsequent development of malignancy.…”

“…8,9 Briefly, a modified National Cancer Instiin grams, and nutrient per 100 g of each food item. Each nutrient was calculated using the following equatute (NCI) self-administered Health Habits and History Questionnaire (HHHQ) was sent to 596 consecutive tion: patients scheduled for an upper gastrointestinal endoNutrient content/Day Å (food frequency) scopic examination in the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1 (gram portion size) 1 (nutrient content/100 g) November 1, 1992 to November 1, 1994.…”

Low intracellular zinc induces oxidative DNA damage, disrupts p53, NFκB, and AP1 DNA binding, and affects DNA repair in a rat glioma cell line

“…Thus, deficits in zinc intake could have a significant impact on the development of cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown decreased zinc status in cancer patients compared with healthy controls (9)(10)(11)(12). It has also been suggested as a contributor to esophageal cancer in humans (9,13).…”