Adenine nucleotide levels in preserved and ischemically injured canine kidneys

Abstract

This study explored the relationship between adenine nucleotide levels in canine renal cortex and renal function following: (a) graded periods of warm ischemia; (b) 48 hours' flush cooling with electrolyte solutions and ice storage; and (c) continuous hypothermic perfusion. Exposure to normothermic ischemia resulted in a rapid (within 15 minutes) degradation of ATP to ADP and AMP as well as a slow decline in total adenine nucleotide (TAN) to levels which were proportional to the duration of the ischemie injury. No functional impairment was evident after 15 minutes' ischemia, but with longer times, both the extent of decline in TAN and the degree of recovery following restoration of blood flow could be used to predict the quality of renal function.The relationship between TAN levels and function was of less predictive value following cold storage or continuous perfusion. The efficacy of intracellular flush solutions could not be attributed solely to conservation of TAN, nor did the well-maintained TAN levels during continuous perfusion necessarily lead to significantly better 48-hour storage than flush cooling with C2 solution.

NOS: The Underlying Mechanism Preserving Vascular Integrity and During Ex Vivo Warm Kidney Perfusion

“…The canine kidney was effectively utilized for the development of all the perfusate solutions used clinically, including ViaSpan TM , Belzer Machine Perfusate, Collins, Eurocollins, HSA-based, cryoprecipitated plasma, and Sacks solutions (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). Likewise, the canine kidney model has also been instrumental in the development of supporting preservation technologies such as perfusion preservation, static storage and in establishing their relative efficacy (37)(38)(39).…”

Effect of ATP-MgCl2 treatment on kidney preservation and on recovery of graft function

“…From the theoretical point of view the higher the level of total adenine nucleotide in the cell the higher the survival rate after cold storage and transplantation [1,3,8,23]. In this connection it is interesting to note that the nucleotide precursor treatment either before removal of the organ for storage or after reimplantation might increases the adenine nucleotide level in various tissue cells [10, 113. While the treatment--both with inosine and ATP-MgC12--after ischemic damage led to the same results: increased ATP concentration and higher survival rate, the mechanism of the effect is different.…”

Adenine Nucleotide Levels of Canine Kidneys during Hypothermic Aerobic or Anaerobic Storage in Collins’ Solution

“…The changes in ECP seem to support this interpretation: while in ROP the ECP decreased after the 24th hour, it could be held at normal values during oxygenated continuous perfusion without substrate supply for 48 h [12] and even for 72 h if glucose and free fatty acids were added to the perfusate [10,12], Adenine nucleotide contents and lactate production have been consid ered to be suitable for viability testing of preserved kidneys by several authors. Some regarded the SAN of the renal cortex to be best suited for viability testing [3,5,15,17], while others even thought that ATP values give enough information [2,6,14].…”