Adefovir Dipivoxil for Chemotherapy-Induced Activation of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Pérez-Roldán, Francisco; González-Carro, Pedro; Villafáñez-García, María Concepción

doi:10.1056/nejm200501203520324

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Adefovir has been used as a first-line therapy for established HBV reactivation. 136 It has also been used as a second-line antiviral therapy in immunocompromised transplant recipients who developed lamivudine resistance. 137,138 Although presently there are no data on adefovir and entecavir as a prophylactic treatment in preventing HBV reactivation during chemotherapy, there are potential advantages to using these agents.…”

Section: Prevention Of Hbv Reactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis, prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy

2006

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It is estimated conservatively that more than one third of the world's population has been infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and that there are 350 million people with chronic infection, 75% of whom live in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific regions. [1][2][3] Reactivation of HBV infection is now a well-recognized complication in infected patients who undergo cytotoxic chemotherapy for cancer. The condition ranges from asymptomatic self-limiting anicteric hepatitis to severe, potentially fatal progressive decompensated hepatitis. With the increasing use of potent cytotoxic chemotherapy, reactivation of hepatitis B in endemic regions is becoming a common clinical problem. This adversely affects advances made in various forms of cancer therapy. In this review, we consider the diagnosis, prevention, and management of HBV reactivation in association with chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, particularly in light of the availability of effective prophylactic antiviral therapy.Reactivation of HBV was first described by Wands et al., 4 who in 1975 reported the condition in 20 patients with lympho-and myeloproliferative disorders. Most of the cases reported since were similar in patients with hematological malignancies-in particular, lymphomas. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The skewed observations may be due to the fact that these patients are often subjected to intense myelosuppressive treatment regimens, the malignancies per se are often associated with an immunocompromised state, and the patients have been consistently reported to have a higher rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity than the normal population. 9,[17][18][19] Over the past decade, HBV reactivation has been increasingly observed in patients with solid tumors. [18][19][20][21][22] In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (85% of whom have chronic HBV infection in Southern China 3,23 ), hepatitis following systemic chemotherapy has been reported in 60% 20,24 ; this is mostly attributed to HBV reactivation, which has a 30% mortality rate. 20 In other cancer subpopulations, the incidence of HBV reactivation ranges between 25% and 40%. 10,15,18,21,25 In the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for various hematological and oncological conditions, HBV reactivation has been reported in over 50% of patients. [26][27][28] This is related to the intense chemotherapy with or without total body irradiation, and the coexistence of acute graft-versus-host disease. 28 Although the frequency of viral reactivation among HBsAg-positive patients with cancer would be expected to be the same irrespective of geographical area, the prevalence of HBV infection varies between different populations from 10% to 25% in endemic areas to less than 1% in others. 3,10,29 As a result, there would be proportional difference in the incidence of viral reactivation in a given population. Definitions and DiagnosisIn early reports, the diagnosis of HBV reactivation was based on HBsAg and hepatitis B ...

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Section: Prevention Of Hbv Reactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis, prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy

2006

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“…lamivudine-resistant HBV [45,60,[73][74][75] . Also, using HBV vaccines is recommended for HBV-seronegative cases during the use of immunosuppressive or anti-cancer agents [52] .…”

Section: Nucleoside Analog Treatment For the Prevention Of Hbv Reactimentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus reactivation with rituximab-containing regimen

Tsutsumi¹,

Yamamoto²,

Shimono³

et al. 2013

WJH

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Rituximab is recognized as a useful drug for the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and its use has been extended to such diseases as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, chronic rheumatoid arthritis and AN-CA-associated vasculitides. One serious complication associated with its use is the reactivation of hepatitis B virus and the search for methods to prevent this occurrence has resulted in the rapid accumulation of knowledge. In this review, we discuss case analyses from our department and other groups and outline the current knowledge on the topic and the remaining issues.© 2013 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.Key words: Rituximab; Hepatitis B virus; Reactivation; Chemotherapy; Lamivudine; Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Core tip: The deleterious effects of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in rituximab-containing chemotherapy regimens have been reported and the effect of lamivudine treatment in the prevention of HBV reactivation is also well documented. Once reactivated, HBV may lead to death due to hepatitis. In this review, we discuss the factors of preventive lamivudine treatment (especially in the course of HBV antibody), including to whom and for how long the drug should be given, based on case studies and reports that span rituximab's debut in 2002 on the Japanese market to June 2013.

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“…27,28 Recently, adefovir has been reported to have good safety and efficacy in HBV reactivation for both primary and lamivudine resistant HBV. 29 Both adefovir and entecavir have similar or superior antiviral activity to lamivudine and much lower rates of resistance (< 5%) at 1 year. 30,31 Therefore, these drugs have some advantages when compared to lamivudine, and provide a good alternative for preventing HBV reactivation, especially in patients requiring long-lasting immunosuppression or during repeated courses of chemotherapy.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestation and Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Hepatitis: Manifestations and Management Strategy

Firpi

Nelson

2006

Hematology

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Viral hepatitis is the third most common cause of liver disease in allogeneic transplant recipients and causes significant morbidity and mortality. When treating patients with hematological malignancies, an emphasis should be placed on identification of patients at risk for viral hepatitis with appropriate screening. Initial screening serology should include anti-HCV, HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc testing. When hepatitis B exposure has been documented, prophylaxis of viral reactivation for all HBsAg-positive patients with a nucleoside analogue should be implemented. HCV infection appears to have little short-term impact on survival after bone marrow transplantation, but is a risk factor for veno-occlusive disease (VOD) and graftversus-host disease (GVHD). In the long-term survivor, HCV infection can lead to significant morbidity and mortality due to the development of cirrhosis, decompensation, and liver cancer. Since effective antiviral therapies are available for both hepatitis B and C, routine screening and selected intervention is recommended once reactivation and disease recurrence is documented. In this chapter we will highlight the mechanisms of virus reactivation, clinical manifestations, and management strategies to minimize acute and chronic morbidity in this population.

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Adefovir Dipivoxil for Chemotherapy-Induced Activation of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Diagnosis, prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy

Diagnosis, prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy

Hepatitis B virus reactivation with rituximab-containing regimen

Viral Hepatitis: Manifestations and Management Strategy

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