Adduct formation in LC–ESI–MS of nonylphenol ethoxylates: mass spectrometrical, theoretical and quantitative analytical aspects

Jonkers, Niels; Govers, H.A.J.; Voogt, P. de

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.10.031

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The most common cations forming adducts are sodium, potassium and ammonium in positive ionization mode . In some cases, it has been observed that these adducts give significantly higher sensitivity compared to protonation (or deprotonation) and can be used for quantitative analysis . In case of sodium adducts besides the 1:1 adducts corresponding to Eqn (), formation of multimers, such as [2M + Na] + , [3M + Na] + , etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2] In some cases, it has been observed that these adducts give significantly higher sensitivity compared to protonation (or deprotonation) and can be used for quantitative analysis. [3,4] In case of sodium adducts besides the 1:1 adducts corresponding to Eqn (1), formation of multimers, such as [2M + Na] + , [3M + Na] + , etc. in positive ionization mode [5] but also adducts [2M-2H + Na]in negative ionization mode [6] have been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium adduct formation efficiency in ESI source

et al. 2013

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Formation of sodium adducts in electrospray (ESI) has been known for long time, but has not been used extensively in practice, and several important aspects of Na(+) adduct formation in ESI source have been almost unexplored: the ionization efficiency of different molecules via Na(+) adduct formation, its dependence on molecular structure and Na(+) ion concentration in solution, fragmentation behaviour of the adducts as well as the ruggedness (a prerequisite for wider practical use) of ionization via Na(+) adduct formation. In this work, we have developed a parameter describing sodium adducts formation efficiency (SAFE) of neutral molecules and have built a SAFE scale that ranges for over four orders of magnitude and contains 19 compounds. In general, oxygen bases have higher efficiency of Na(+) adducts formation than nitrogen bases because of the higher partial negative charge on oxygen atoms and competition from protonation in the case of nitrogen bases. Chelating ability strongly increases the Na(+) adduct formation efficiency. We show that not only protonation but also Na(+) adduct formation is a quantitative and reproducible process if relative measurements are performed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium adduct formation efficiency in ESI source

et al. 2013

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“…The 316 ES+ peak is expected to result from the sodium adduct of the rearrangement product and the 332 ES+ peak is expected to result from the potassium adduct. The sodium and potassium adduct phenomenon is common with ESI methods 43–45. The MS scan of the chromatographically separated CBZ peak showed similar sodium and potassium adducts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Preparation and physicochemical characterization of a novel water-soluble prodrug of carbamazepine

Hemenway

Jarho

Henri

et al. 2010

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…The biodegradation tests were carried out in shaking flasks on the laboratory scale. And a complete biodegradation pathway including degradation of benzene rings was examined by a series of analysis techniques (Ferguson et al 2001;Jonkers et al 2005). According to the above results, a complete biodegradation pathway was proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic biodegradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates in shaking-flask test

Wang¹,

Nong²,

Ge³

2011

Electro Journal of Biotech

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Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs), which are widely used for industrial and domestic purposes, exert adverse effects on wildlife after being used and discharged into the environment. However, their ultimate biodegradability and biodegradation pathway remains unclear. In this study, the aerobic degradability of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) by the acclimated microorganisms in active sludge was examined using shaking-flask tests. The degradation of benzene rings in NPEOs was determined using UV spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that more than 80% of benzene rings were removed after 8-10 days of degradation, and the majority of NPEOs were also removed after 9 days of degradation, indicating NPEOs and the benzene rings could be ultimately degraded by microorganisms in acclimated active sludge. Electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) analysis of biodegradation intermediates indicate that stepwise omega, beta-oxidation of EO chains or fission of EO chains, and further omega, beta-oxidation of alkylchain for short-EO-chain NPEOs constitute the main pathway in the early stage, and complete biodegradation occur when the benzene rings in these molecules are opened in the later stage.

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Adduct formation in LC–ESI–MS of nonylphenol ethoxylates: mass spectrometrical, theoretical and quantitative analytical aspects

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Sodium adduct formation efficiency in ESI source

Sodium adduct formation efficiency in ESI source

Preparation and physicochemical characterization of a novel water-soluble prodrug of carbamazepine

Aerobic biodegradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates in shaking-flask test

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