Addressing the ice nucleating abilities of marine aerosol: A combination of deposition mode laboratory and field measurements

Ladino, Luis A.; Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline; Kilthau, W.; Mason, Ryan H.; Si, Meng; Li, J.; Miller, Lisa A.; Schiller, C. L.; Huffman, J. A.; Aller, Josephine Y.; Knopf, D. A.; Bertram, A. K.; Abbatt, Jonathan P. D.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.02.028

Cited by 76 publications

(140 citation statements)

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“…An identical chamber (Kanji and Abbatt, 2009) has been used for online field studies (Ladino et al, 2016) and processing of resuspended field samples (Wilson et al, 2015) at 233 K and water-subsaturated conditions. Here we compare results from two field campaigns in winter 2015 and 2016 to previously conducted INP measurements in the same season with PINC (Boose et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent field studies or studies of field samples in the laboratory (Cziczo et al, 2013;Knopf et al, 2014;Wilson et al, 2015;Ladino et al, 2016;DeMott et al, 2016) have shown that particles and organic matter sampled or emitted from the sea surface can be a source of INPs. Marine aerosols are produced via a bubblebursting mechanism (e.g., de Leeuw et al, 2011;Gantt and Meskhidze, 2013;Aller et al, 2005;Cunliffe et al, 2013) when entrained air bubbles rise through the sea surface microlayer and burst upon contact with the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC): INP measurements at conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch

Lacher¹,

Lohmann²,

Boose

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

112

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Abstract. In this work we describe the Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC) as a new instrument to measure ambient ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations for conditions relevant to mixed-phase clouds. Laboratory verification and validation experiments confirm the accuracy of the thermodynamic conditions of temperature (T ) and relative humidity (RH) in HINC with uncertainties in T of ± 0.4 K and in RH with respect to water (RH w ) of ±1.5 %, which translates into an uncertainty in RH with respect to ice (RH i ) of ±3.0 % at T > 235 K. For further validation of HINC as a field instrument, two measurement campaigns were conducted in winters 2015 and 2016 at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch (JFJ; Switzerland, 3580 m a.s.l.) to sample ambient INPs. During winters 2015 and 2016 the site encountered free-tropospheric conditions 92 and 79 % of the time, respectively. We measured INP concentrations at 242 K at water-subsaturated conditions (RH w = 94 %), relevant for the formation of ice clouds, and in the watersupersaturated regime (RH w = 104 %) to represent ice formation occurring under mixed-phase cloud conditions. In winters 2015 and 2016 the median INP concentrations at RH w = 94 % was below the minimum detectable concentration. At RH w = 104 %, INP concentrations were an order of magnitude higher, with median concentrations in winter 2015 of 2.8 per standard liter (std L −1 ; normalized to standard T of 273 K and pressure, p, of 1013 hPa) and 4.7 std L −1 in winter 2016. The measurements are in agreement with previous winter measurements obtained with the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber (PINC) of 2.2 std L −1 at the same location. During winter 2015, two events caused the INP concentrations at RH w = 104 % to significantly increase above the campaign average. First, an increase to 72.1 std L −1 was measured during an event influenced by marine air, arriving at the JFJ from the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea. The contribution from anthropogenic or other sources can thereby not be ruled out. Second, INP concentrations up to 146.2 std L −1 were observed during a Saharan dust event. To our knowledge this is the first time that a clear enrichment in ambient INP concentration in remote regions of the atmosphere is observed during a time of marine air mass influence, suggesting the importance of marine particles on ice nucleation in the free troposphere.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC): INP measurements at conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch

Lacher¹,

Lohmann²,

Boose

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

112

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“…This is consistent with the suggestion that whole cells are not the source of the INPs. Potential sources of the INPs observed in this study include ultramicrobacteria, viruses, phytoplankton exudates, or bacteria exudates (Ladino et al, 2016;Wilson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Size Of Inpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice-nucleating particles in Canadian Arctic sea-surface microlayer and bulk seawater

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The sea-surface microlayer and bulk seawater can contain ice-nucleating particles (INPs) and these INPs can be emitted into the atmosphere. Our current understanding of the properties, concentrations, and spatial and temporal distributions of INPs in the microlayer and bulk seawater is limited. In this study we investigate the concentrations and properties of INPs in microlayer and bulk seawater samples collected in the Canadian Arctic during the summer of 2014. INPs were ubiquitous in the microlayer and bulk seawater with freezing temperatures in the immersion mode as high as −14 • C. A strong negative correlation (R = −0.7, p = 0.02) was observed between salinity and freezing temperatures (after correction for freezing depression by the salts). One possible explanation is that INPs were associated with melting sea ice. Heat and filtration treatments of the samples show that the INPs were likely heat-labile biological materials with sizes between 0.02 and 0.2 µm in diameter, consistent with previous measurements off the coast of North America and near Greenland in the Arctic. The concentrations of INPs in the microlayer and bulk seawater were consistent with previous measurements at several other locations off the coast of North America. However, our average microlayer concentration was lower than previous observations made near Greenland in the Arctic. This difference could not be explained by chlorophyll a concentrations derived from satellite measurements. In addition, previous studies found significant INP enrichment in the microlayer, relative to bulk seawater, which we did not observe in this study. While further studies are needed to understand these differences, we confirm that there is a source of INP in the microlayer and bulk seawater in the Canadian Arctic that may be important for atmospheric INP concentrations.

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“…More recently INP of marine origin, those associated with marine biological activity and sea spray production, have seen a resurgence in interest as well (e.g. Després et al, 2012;Burrows et al, 2013; Wilson et al, 2015;DeMott et al, 2016;Ladino et al, 2016; McCluskey et al, 2017). Perhaps the most well-known INP species, primarily so due to its size, morphology, significant presence in the atmosphere and the ability to be transported great distances, is 30 mineral dust (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

A laboratory investigation of the ice nucleation efficiency of three types of mineral and soil dust

Paramonov¹,

David²,

Kretzschmar³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Surface-collected dust from three different locations around the world was examined with respect to its ice nucleation activity (INA) with the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber (PINC). Ice nucleation experiments were conducted with particles of 200 and 400 nm in diameter in the temperature range of 233-243 K in both deposition nucleation and condensation freezing regimes. Several treatments were performed in order to investigate the effect of mineralogical 10 composition, as well as the presence of biological and proteinaceous, organic and soluble compounds on the INA of mineral and soil dust. The INA of untreated dust particles correlated well with the total feldspar and K-feldspar content, corroborating previously published results. The removal of heat-sensitive proteinaceous and organic components from the particle surface with heat decreased the INA of dusts. However, the decrease in the INA was not proportional to the amount of these organic components, indicating that different proteinaceous and organic species have different ice nucleation 15 activities, and the exact speciation is required in order to determine why dusts respond differently to the heating process. The INA of certain dusts increased after the removal of soluble material from the particle surface, demonstrating the low INA of the soluble compounds and/or the exposition of the underlying active sites. Similar to the proteinaceous organic compounds, soluble compounds seem to have different effects on the INA of surface-collected dusts, and a general conclusion about how the presence of soluble material on the particle surface affects its INA is not possible. The investigation of the heated and 20 washed dusts revealed that mineralogy alone is not able to fully explain the observed INA of surface-collected dusts at the examined temperature and relative humidity conditions. The results showed that it is not possible to predict the INA of surface-collected soil dust based on the presence and amount of certain minerals or any particular class of compounds, such as soluble or proteinaceous/organic. Instead, at temperatures of 238-243 K the ice nucleation activity of the untreated, surface-collected soil dust in condensation freezing mode can be roughly approximated by one of the existing surrogates for 25 atmospheric mineral dust, such as illite NX. Uncertainties associated with mechanical damage and possible changes to the mineralogy during treatments, as well as with the BET surface area and its immediate impact on the number of active sites ns,BET parameterisation, are addressed. 10 Kerminen et al., 2012;Paramonov et al., 2013), the studies of atmospheric ice nucleation have been insufficient and still pose a lot of open questions (DeMott et al., 2011;Kanji et al., 2017). In general, a significant fraction of precipitating clouds in various environments contains ice, e.g. both in the tropics (Lau and Wu, 2003) and in the Nordic countries (Sporre et al., 2014). Primary nucleation of ice in the atmosphere can occur in the absence of inso...

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Addressing the ice nucleating abilities of marine aerosol: A combination of deposition mode laboratory and field measurements

Cited by 76 publications

References 64 publications

The Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC): INP measurements at conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch

The Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC): INP measurements at conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch

Ice-nucleating particles in Canadian Arctic sea-surface microlayer and bulk seawater

A laboratory investigation of the ice nucleation efficiency of three types of mineral and soil dust

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