Addressing the Dependency Problem in Access Security System Architecture Design

Abstract

The objective of this research is to present a method for evaluating the performance of access control security systems, such as airport security operations. This requires the examination of security system architectures, which involve security technology devices and the algorithms that coordinate their operations. Dependence between device responses in multiple-device systems is a critical practical issue in assessing the performance of such architectures, though no results on this problem have appeared in the literature. This paper presents a method for evaluating when multipledevice security systems with overlapping capabilities are cost-effective. This is achieved using a dependency structure for security system devices to quantify how various technologies interact and to measure the impact of device dependence on system error probabilities. A measure of device response dependence for a two-device system is defined and its properties are explored, including bounds on the dependency measure. The effect of dependence on the system Type I and Type I1 error probabilities is examined for the two-device system. System performance is compared for independent vs. dependent device responses and desirable dependence relationships are identified. Results are also presented for a cascading sequence of devices. An example is presented to illustrate the results for the two-device system. Implications of these results are discussed, such as how they can be used to identify the optimal use of security devices and to determine whether new technologies warrant investment. ~ _ _ _~~

Detecting nuclear materials smuggling: using radiography to improve container inspection policies

“…However, their work does not consider the queuing results presented as in this paper and in Wein et al (2006). Other examples of research on inspecting aviation passenger baggage for explosives are Jacobson (1996), andMcLay et al (2008). Kobza and Jacobson (1996) present a method to quantify the effect of dependence in security system architectures.…”

“…Other examples of research on inspecting aviation passenger baggage for explosives are Jacobson (1996), andMcLay et al (2008). Kobza and Jacobson (1996) present a method to quantify the effect of dependence in security system architectures. They examine the Type I and Type II errors of a multi-device system, and present probability models for access control security system architectures.…”

A Survey of Operations Research Models and Applications in Homeland Security

“…Jacobson et al (2000) developed a sampling procedure that estimates false-alarm and false-clear probabilities. Kobza and Jacobson (1996) studied security-system design by addressing the dependence between the responses of security devices in multiple-device systems. These articles could help managers to improve decisions on airport security systems and are somewhat generalizable to other types of security systems.…”

A mathematical framework for sequential passenger and baggage screening to enhance aviation security

“…100% screening on checked baggage is usually performed by deploying one or two levels of screening devices (Jacobson et al, 2006;Kobza & Jacobson, 1996). Two-level screening is implemented in a sequential manner to further improve the accuracy of screening procedures.…”

“…The passenger prescreening information is collected and analyzed to determine checked-baggage assignments to two different screening procedures, which are designed using two different system decision rules for controlled sampling (Candalino et al, 2004;Kobza & Jacobson, 1996). The advantage of implementing selective screening is that costly but more reliable technologies can be used for screening the high-risk group.…”