Addressing the Data Gaps on Child and Adolescent Tuberculosis

Verkuijl, Sabine; Sekadde, Moorine Penninah; Dodd, Peter J.; Arinaitwe, Moses; Chiang, Silvia S.; Brands, Annemieke; Viney, Kerri; Sismanidis, Charalambos; Jenkins, Harri

doi:10.3390/pathogens11030352

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The culture positivity rate of specimens from children with PTB is low ( 66 , 67 ), and the process from the onset of clinical symptoms to diagnosis is long, so early evaluation by imaging plays an important role. At present, there are few Chinese and international literature reports on the imaging manifestations of DR-PTB in children.…”

Section: Imaging Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese expert consensus on imaging diagnosis of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis

Xu,

Lu,

et al. 2024

Quant Imaging Med Surg

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major infectious diseases in the world with a high incidence rate. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a key and difficult challenge in the prevention and treatment of TB. Early, rapid, and accurate diagnosis of DR-TB is essential for selecting appropriate and personalized treatment and is an important means of reducing disease transmission and mortality. In recent years, imaging diagnosis of DR-TB has developed rapidly, but there is a lack of consistent understanding. To this end, the Infectious Disease Imaging Group, Infectious Disease Branch, Chinese Research Hospital Association; Infectious Diseases Group of Chinese Medical Association of Radiology; Digital Health Committee of China Association for the Promotion of Science and Technology Industrialization, and other organizations, formed a group of TB experts across China. The conglomerate then considered the Chinese and international diagnosis and treatment status of DR-TB, China’s clinical practice, and evidence-based medicine on the methodological requirements of guidelines and standards. After repeated discussion, the expert consensus of imaging diagnosis of DR-PB was proposed. This consensus includes clinical diagnosis and classification of DR-TB, selection of etiology and imaging examination [mainly X-ray and computed tomography (CT)], imaging manifestations, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis. This expert consensus is expected to improve the understanding of the imaging changes of DR-TB, as a starting point for timely detection of suspected DR-TB patients, and can effectively improve the efficiency of clinical diagnosis and achieve the purpose of early diagnosis and treatment of DR-TB.

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Section: Imaging Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese expert consensus on imaging diagnosis of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis

Xu,

Lu,

et al. 2024

Quant Imaging Med Surg

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“…In 2021, there were an estimated 10.6 million people who contracted tuberculosis (TB), with children accounting for 11% of cases [ 1 ]. Yet there are likely many children missing from national TB surveillance systems, particularly as data gaps exist between the reported number of children with TB and the estimated TB incidence [ 2 , 3 ]. The COVID-19 pandemic has additionally had a profound impact on childhood TB services, with decreased notifications particularly affecting the youngest children [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Under-Reporting of Tuberculosis Disease among Children and Adolescents in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

2023

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Under-reporting of tuberculosis (TB) disease in children and adolescents is a significant global concern, as many children are missing from TB notification data. A systematic literature review was conducted to understand the global reporting gap of child and adolescent TB as well as current interventions to close this gap in Low- and Middle- Income Countries (LMIC). Our study found large and variable gaps in child and adolescent TB reporting, due to various factors. Interventions to close this gap exist but are limited. Future studies are necessary to improve global surveillance systems to improve TB care delivery for children and adolescents.

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“…Active TB disease typically develops in children within the first 12 months after exposure and primary infection [4]. An estimated 90% of children who die from TB, die without ever being diagnosed or accessing TB treatment and care [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Children from Papua New Guinea Presenting to Health Facilities in the Torres Strait Islands, Australia

Foster,

Marais,

Mendez

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Paediatric tuberculosis can be challenging to diagnose, and various approaches are used in different settings. A retrospective review was conducted on Papua New Guinea (PNG) children with presumptive TB who presented for health care in the Torres Strait Islands, Australia, between 2016 and 2019. We compared diagnostic algorithms including the modified Keith Edwards TB Score, The Union Desk Guide, and the new World Health Organization (WHO) algorithm, with diagnostic practices used in the remote Torres Strait Islands. Of the 66 children with presumptive TB, 7 had bacteriologically confirmed TB. The majority (52%) were under 5 years (median age 61 months), and 45% were malnourished. There was moderate agreement across the diagnostic methods (K = 0.34; 95% CI 0.23–0.46), with the highest concordance observed between The Union Desk Guide and the WHO’s algorithm (K = 0.61). Local TB physicians might have over-diagnosed presumed lymph node TB while under-diagnosing TB overall. Enhancing the precision and promptness of paediatric TB diagnosis using practical tools is pivotal to decrease TB-related child mortality, notably in isolated regions like the Torres Strait and the Western Province of PNG.

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Addressing the Data Gaps on Child and Adolescent Tuberculosis

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Chinese expert consensus on imaging diagnosis of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis

Chinese expert consensus on imaging diagnosis of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis

Under-Reporting of Tuberculosis Disease among Children and Adolescents in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Critical Review of Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Children from Papua New Guinea Presenting to Health Facilities in the Torres Strait Islands, Australia

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