Addressing policy issues in a stakeholder-based and science-driven marine protected area network planning process

Fox, Evan; Hastings, Sean; Miller-Henson, Melissa; Monié, Dominique; Ugoretz, John; Frimodig, Adam; Shuman, Craig S.; Owens, Brian; Garwood, Rebecca; Connor, Darci; Serpa, Paulo; Gleason, Mary

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.07.007

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Selecting appropriate locations for no-take zones on the coast and managing their use therefore requires a complex social and ecological balancing act between these competing objectives [23,45,46]. While these differences may appear intractable they do highlight the importance of pragmatism and compromise in planning processes.…”

Section: 'Use' Versus 'Protection'mentioning

confidence: 99%

‘It׳s part of me’; understanding the values, images and principles of coastal users and their influence on the social acceptability of MPAs

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tImproving the social acceptability or 'social licence' of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is a key challenge facing countries all around the world. As the world moves slowly towards the establishment of a global network of MPAs, it is increasingly apparent that a greater understanding of social responses to MPAs is required, given they are often met with resistance from local communities. A series of in-depth, semi structured interviews were conducted across coastal users in New South Wales, Australia, including surfers, recreational fishers, professional fishers, spearfishers, walkers, divers, snorkellers, kayakers and other community members. The research identified the values, images and principles at work amongst coastal users to determine the dominant 'cultural models' within the community and how these models influenced attitudes towards MPAs. This research indicates that traditional consultation models may not be sufficient to address the full spectrum of community needs, and in fact suggests the need to reconceive the make -up of 'the community' itself. In the context of MPA planning 'the community' is not an amalgamation of a range of homogenous stakeholder groups but instead a diverse and complex mix of identities and value systems which are not confined to particular interest groups. Incorporating consideration of the diverse range of values, images and principles found within and across stakeholder groups will require new and innovative approaches to participation and management.

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Section: 'Use' Versus 'Protection'mentioning

confidence: 99%

‘It׳s part of me’; understanding the values, images and principles of coastal users and their influence on the social acceptability of MPAs

et al. 2015

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“…The Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA) provided a strong legal framework for top-down establishment and management of MPAs by the state government; however, top-down designation of MPA locations proved to be politically untenable [1][2][3]. An MPA planning approach that combined a variety of incentives, including aspects of top-down and bottomup governance proved to be more successful [1,[4][5][6]. This planning process, pursued between 2004 and 2011, incorporated scientific and stakeholder elements and resulted in a network of 124 MPAs (63 no-take) distributed along 1900 km of coastline and encompassing 2197 km 2 of marine habitat (1291 km 2 no-take) [7] (Table 1, Fig.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participative incentives, in the form of a stakeholder-driven MPA design process (Fig. 2), proved to be a political necessity and are also clearly reflected in the final MPA network [1,6,59]. Economic and interpretive incentives played a lesser, but nonetheless important, role in MPA planning [58].…”

Section: Incentivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stakeholders played an integral role in MPA planning (Fig. 2) and were the sole group responsible for proposing MPA configurations and locations [1,6]. Two advisory groups, the science advisory team and the blue ribbon task force, supported the work of the stakeholders by providing scientific and policy guidance toward designing MPAs that would be likely to achieve the goals of the MLPA legislation.…”

Section: Participative Incentivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure that California's MPAs have clearly defined objectives, effective management measures, and adequate enforcement, and are based on sound scientific guidelines (6). To ensure that the state's MPAs are designed and managed, to the extent possible, as a network.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The California Marine Life Protection Act: A balance of top down and bottom up governance in MPA planning

Saarman

Carr

2013

Marine Policy

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Marine Protected Area Networks in California, USA

Botsford

White

Carr

et al. 2014

Advances in Marine Biology

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California responded to concerns about overfishing in the 1990s by implementing a network of marine protected areas (MPAs) through two science-based decision-making processes. The first process focused on the Channel Islands, and the second addressed California's entire coastline, pursuant to the state's Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA). We review the interaction between science and policy in both processes, and lessons learned. For the Channel Islands, scientists controversially recommended setting aside 30-50% of coastline to protect marine ecosystems. For the MLPA, MPAs were intended to be ecologically connected in a network, so design guidelines included minimum size and maximum spacing of MPAs (based roughly on fish movement rates), an approach that also implicitly specified a minimum fraction of the coastline to be protected. As MPA science developed during the California processes, spatial population models were constructed to quantify how MPAs were affected by adult fish movement and larval dispersal, i.e., how population persistence within MPA networks depended on fishing outside the MPAs, and how fishery yields could either increase or decrease with MPA implementation, depending on fishery management. These newer quantitative methods added to, but did not supplant, the initial rule-of-thumb guidelines. In the future, similar spatial population models will allow more comprehensive evaluation of the integrated effects of MPAs and conventional fisheries management. By 2011, California had implemented 132 MPAs covering more than 15% of its coastline, and now stands on the threshold of the most challenging step in this effort: monitoring and adaptive management to ensure ecosystem sustainability.

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Addressing policy issues in a stakeholder-based and science-driven marine protected area network planning process

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

‘It׳s part of me’; understanding the values, images and principles of coastal users and their influence on the social acceptability of MPAs

‘It׳s part of me’; understanding the values, images and principles of coastal users and their influence on the social acceptability of MPAs

The California Marine Life Protection Act: A balance of top down and bottom up governance in MPA planning

Marine Protected Area Networks in California, USA

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