Abstract:Irrigated row-crop agriculture is contributing to declining groundwater in areas such as the Mississippi Delta region of eastern Arkansas. There is a need to move toward sustainable levels of groundwater withdrawal. Recent improvements in remote monitoring technologies such as wireless soil moisture sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles offer the potential for farmers to effectively practice site-specific variable-rate irrigation management for the purpose of applying water more efficiently, reducing pumping co… Show more
“…Such information can aid in improving irrigation efficiency, reducing pumping costs, and retaining groundwater. Although soil moisture sensors are found to be more profitable in the present context, with the increasing number of manufacturers and clear regulations, UAS-based sensor technology for soil moisture estimation is gaining momentum [114]. This explains the importance of remote sensing as a low-cost tool to improve water management in crops.…”
Agriculture faces the challenge of feeding a growing population with limited or depleting fresh water resources. Advances in irrigation systems and technologies allow site-specific application of irrigation water within the field to improve water use efficiency or reduce water usage for sustainable crop production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This paper discusses recent development of variable-rate irrigation (VRI) technologies, data and information for VRI application, and impacts of VRI, including profitability using this technology, with a focus on agronomic factors in precision water management. The development in sprinkler systems enabled irrigation application with greater precision at the scale of individual nozzle control. Further research is required to evaluate VRI prescription maps integrating different soil and crop characteristics in different environments. On-farm trials and whole-field studies are needed to provide support information for practical VRI applications. Future research also needs to address the adjustment of the spatial distribution of prescription zones in response to temporal variability in soil water status and crop growing conditions, which can be evaluated by incorporating remote and proximal sensing data. Comprehensive decision support tools are required to help the user decide where to apply how much irrigation water at different crop growth stages to optimize water use and crop production based on the regional climate conditions and cropping systems.
“…Such information can aid in improving irrigation efficiency, reducing pumping costs, and retaining groundwater. Although soil moisture sensors are found to be more profitable in the present context, with the increasing number of manufacturers and clear regulations, UAS-based sensor technology for soil moisture estimation is gaining momentum [114]. This explains the importance of remote sensing as a low-cost tool to improve water management in crops.…”
Agriculture faces the challenge of feeding a growing population with limited or depleting fresh water resources. Advances in irrigation systems and technologies allow site-specific application of irrigation water within the field to improve water use efficiency or reduce water usage for sustainable crop production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This paper discusses recent development of variable-rate irrigation (VRI) technologies, data and information for VRI application, and impacts of VRI, including profitability using this technology, with a focus on agronomic factors in precision water management. The development in sprinkler systems enabled irrigation application with greater precision at the scale of individual nozzle control. Further research is required to evaluate VRI prescription maps integrating different soil and crop characteristics in different environments. On-farm trials and whole-field studies are needed to provide support information for practical VRI applications. Future research also needs to address the adjustment of the spatial distribution of prescription zones in response to temporal variability in soil water status and crop growing conditions, which can be evaluated by incorporating remote and proximal sensing data. Comprehensive decision support tools are required to help the user decide where to apply how much irrigation water at different crop growth stages to optimize water use and crop production based on the regional climate conditions and cropping systems.
“…Precision irrigation and precision nitrogen fertilization are widely seen as an excellent method to save water and fertilizer and maximize yield (Zhao et al, 2017). On the other hand, several authors (Adeyemi, Grove, Peets and Norton, 2017;West and Kovacs, 2017) showed that the use of these technologies alone are not sufficient to increase the efficiency of the entire production process.…”
The development of technologies in the 20 th century led to evolution of precision agriculture concept. Nowadays, precision farming is usually associated with the use of GPS and satellite navigation, GIS, unmanned airplanes and drones, variable rate of application, as well as complex and sophisticated computer systems and software. On the other hand, the main question is related to the profitability and efficiency of these technologies and the opportunities for their adoption. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the most popular concepts of precision farming and to analyze the technical and economic efficiency of different technologies based on literature review. The results indicate that the adoption of precision farming technologies is closely related to the farmer's perception of and needs for institutional support. The promotion of precision farming under the Common Agricultural Policy is necessary in order to overcome the number of economic and environmental challenges and ensure sustainable development and green growth.
“…In summary, the techniques in question also contribute to increased labour productivity. The benefits [60] resulting from using of PA technologies are derived from many key drivers (Vogt, 2017;Calegari et al, 2013;West and Kovacs, 2017): capital and annual operating costs associated with acquiringthe technology, impact of the technology on labour demand, impact on yield, product quality, cost savings, environmental benefits etc. Nevertheless Robertson et al (2008) argue, that the profitability of PA and benefits from PA technologies varies from farm to farm, in line with farmer preferences and circumstances.…”
The paper deals with an economic assessment of impacts of precision agriculture (PA) on crop production economy. Based on a questionnaire survey and a FADN agricultural product expense-to-revenue ratio survey, it analyses a set of agricultural businesses the structure of which essentially copies the composition of business forms in the Czech Republic's agricultural sector. The economic assessment applies economic analysis methods based on cost calculations and a calculation formula that considers the commodity and species production structure. Based on an analysis of a number of scientific studies, it determines specific cost savings and makes a quantification of the effect of precision agriculture techniques on costs. In all the production areas, the greatest effect caused by application of precision agriculture techniques was quantified for winter wheat. Conversely, the lowest financial effects are shown in the analysed production areas for spring wheat. We also identified differences in the cost savings between spring and winter barley; the greater savings occur for winter barley. Financial effects in the form of reduced production costs were also found for other analysed crops cultivated by the businesses studied. The financial savings for the pea plant are almost comparable to those for winter barley. The greatest financial savings were achieved for sugar beet.
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