Addressing Crime in Companies

Bussmann, Kai-D.; Werle, Markus M.

doi:10.1093/bjc/azl072

Cited by 55 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Around 80% of white collar criminals are men (Benson, 2002;Bussmann & Werle, 2006;Kardell & Bergqvist, 2009;Ring, 2003;Wheeler et al, 1988;Weisburd, 1991;Weisburd et al, 2001;Gottschalk & Glasø, 2013), and this mirrors the general gendered occupational division in society where women tend to have lower-level positions than men (Deng et al, 2010;Ring, 2003;Gottschalk & Glasø, 2013;Steffensmeier, et al, 2013). However, this pattern depends on what level of crime we look at.…”

Section: Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alalehto & Larsson, 2012;Kankaanranta & Muttilainen, 2010;Vaughan, 1983). There have only been a few longitudinal investigations (Holtfreter, Beaver, et al, 2010;Weisburd, 1991;Lewis, 2002;Soothill et al, 2012;Weisburd et al, 2001;Onna et al, 2014), idiosyncratic investigations (Benson & Walker, 1988;Benson & Moore, 1992;Kerley & Copes, 2004;PWC, 2001PWC, -2012Ring, 2003) and comparative investigations, which have mostly compared countries in Europe (Alalehto & Larsson, 2008, 2012Bussmann & Werle, 2006;Karstedt & Farrall, 2007). In addition to these investigations, there have also been global surveys conducted by forensic accounting firms such as PwC, KPMG, and Deloitte.…”

Section: White-collar Crime: a Global Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean age of white collar criminals is around 40-45 years (Wheeler et al, 1988;KPMG, 2011;Weisburd, 1991;Weisburd et al, 2001;Benson, 2002;Holtfreter, 2005;Poortinga, 2006;Bussmann & Werle, 2006;Alalehto & Larsson, 2008;Kardell & Bergqvist, 2009;Ring, 2003;Soothill et al, 2012;Kerley & Copes, 2004;Gottschalk, 2013;Onna et al, 2014). The explanation for this is similar to the gendered division, younger people have not had the same opportunity to start a business or establish themselves in the labor market so as to engage in white-collar crime to the same degree as middle-aged people (Ring, 2003).…”

Section: Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…White collar criminals own their own homes to a similar degree as the general population and to a much greater degree than street criminals (Wheeler et al, 1988;Weisburd, 1991;Weisburd et al, 2001;Benson, 2002;Ring, 2003). Their education level ranges from the same to greater than the general population, and this depends on what type of white collar crime the offender has been convicted of (Alalehto & Larsson, 2008;Bussmann & Werle, 2006;Wheeler et al, 1988;Weisburd, 1991;Weisburd et al, 2001;Poortinga et al, 2006;Kardell & Bergqvist, 2009;Schoepfer & Piquero, 2006;Benson & Moore, 1992;Soothill et al, 2012;Walters & Geyer, 2004).…”

Section: Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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White Collar Criminals: The State of Knowledge

Alalehto¹

2015

TOCRIJ

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White collar crime is the least studied and the least understood crime type in comparison to traditional crime types. This review highlights the recent developments in the state of knowledge over the white collar criminals. The review concerns the topics of demography, motivation for offending and career criminality among white collar criminals. It compiles the international results (mainly West-European) so far in the three topics. The review ends with a request on further research that needs to be done in four aspects: what is the main demographic difference between white collar offenders and confirmative non-offenders? How can we explain the difference in the age-crime relationship between street criminals and white collar criminals? Why do we still have the gender divergences by white collar criminals, despite the fact that women increase their participation into the labor market? And why do we know so little about the criminal motivation among white collar criminals?

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Section: Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: White-collar Crime: a Global Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

White Collar Criminals: The State of Knowledge

Alalehto¹

2015

TOCRIJ

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“…Whereof some of this traits (hedonistic, non-agreeable and Machiavellian egocentric) are to some degree linked, but not fully confirmed, to basic human values as 'power', 'achievements' and 'hedonism' (Goossen et al, 2016). Secondly, and more important, the peak age is 41-42 year with no particular criminal history (Alalehto & Larsson, 2008;Benson, 2002;Bussmann & Werle, 2006;Gottschalk, 2013; K. Holtfreter, Van Slyke, & Blomberg, 2005;Kardell & Bergqvist, 2009;Kerley & Copes, 2004;Onna, Geest, Huisman, & Denkers, 2014;Poortinga, Lemmen, & Jibson, 2006;Soothill, Humphreys, & Francis, 2012;Weisburd, 1991;Weisburd et al, 2001). Compared to the mean age of street criminals 15-19 year (Farrington, 2003) the common white collar criminal is thus an anomaly in criminology, which in general perform as a late bloomer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin of White Collar Criminality? – Exploring a Gene x Environment Interaction Hypothesis

Alalehto¹

2018

Int. J. Criminol. Sociol.

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Abstract:The aim for this article is the elementary question: why does white collar criminals become white collar criminals? The answer is a hypothetical syllogistic constructed hypothesis for further empirical exploration in the agenda. The hypothesis takes its point of departure in biosocial criminology, especially the gene-environment interplay, focused on white collar criminality. The hypothesis proposes a link between criminal attitudes and criminal behavior based on how biological (e.g. intergenerational heredity, MAO-A), neurological (e.g. executive functioning, cortical thickness) and social-psychological/sociological factors (e.g. peer-group, rationalizations, social stress, loss of class status) correlates to each other as a system of mechanisms.Keywords: White collar crime, biosocial criminology, mechanisms, formal logic.Human behavior is mediated by a set of biological factors (basically genetics) and a set of environmental factors (basically social relations). On an aggregated scale the two sets explains around 50 per cent each of criminal behavior (Tuvblad, 2014). These two sets are integrated into a complex set of interactions in the central nervous system (brain), the peripheral nervous system (control of movements and autonomic internal functions), and the endocrine system (organs responsible for hormone secretion). These complex set of interactions has continuously over the past decades been acknowledged among criminologists as a point of departure to understand the nature of crime. A topic which concern especially the explanation of interpersonal variation of criminal behavior in a random population (Rebellon, Barnes & Agnew, 2014).In this article I follow up a track which I already have outlined (Alalehto, 2015), mainly focused on psychopathic and sociopathic white collar criminals. In this article I focus more on the average white collar criminal, known as crises responders (Piquero & Weisburd, 2009;Morris & Sayed, 2013), or low-rate or medium-rate white collar criminals (Soothill, Humphreys, & Francis, 2012) or conformists, pragmatists and partly intolerants (Alalehto & Larsson, 2015) involving approximately 60 to 80 per cent of the white collar criminal population. The purpose is to give a theoretical explanation of why white collar criminals become white collar criminals? The answer will be given in a main hypothesis directed to be testable for empirical research.*Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Sociology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Tel: 46907865430; Fax: 46907866694; E-mail: tage.alalehto@umu.seWhat is the origin of the white collar criminal? A standard explanation among sociologist, given already by Edwin Sutherland (1940) is the position of power. Even among biosocial inspired criminologist this is a given structure of explanation. For example, Wiebe (2012), points out a classic Machiavellian thesis in his competitive advantage model: if you are powerful enough then you can get away with anything. It's based on the assumption that a certain kind of sociop...

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International Crime Victimization Survey

Mayhew¹,

Dijk²

2014

Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice

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Addressing Crime in Companies

Cited by 55 publications

References 9 publications

White Collar Criminals: The State of Knowledge

White Collar Criminals: The State of Knowledge

The Origin of White Collar Criminality? – Exploring a Gene x Environment Interaction Hypothesis

International Crime Victimization Survey

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