Addressing controversies surrounding food addiction

Mestre‐Bach, Gemma; Jiménez‐Murcia, Susana; Fernández‐Aranda, Fernando; Potenza, Marc N.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816207-1.00014-7

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…What is particularly controversial of late is the issue of food addiction (FA) or ultra-processed food addiction (UPFA), which, despite its strong scientific foundation [50,51], remains highly controversial in ED circles [52]. Unfortunately, UPFA and its treatment often get conflated with caloric restriction and diet culture, which are not equivalent.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dismantling the myth of “all foods fit” in eating disorder treatment

Brewerton,

Dennis,

Wiss

2024

J Eat Disord

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We call for a reevaluation of the long-standing dogmatic nutritional principle that “all foods fit” for all cases of eating disorders (EDs) and its corollary, “there are no bad foods” (for anyone ever) during ED treatment. Based on accumulated scientific research, we challenge these ideologies as outdated, confusing, and potentially harmful to many patients. We review the evidence that indicates the folly of these assumptions and show there are a variety of exceptions to these rules, including (1) food allergies, sensitivities, and intolerances, (2) religious and spiritual preferences or doctrines, and (3) the ubiquitous emergence and widespread availability of ultra-processed foods leading to the potential development of addiction-like eating and a higher prevalence of various medical and psychiatric comorbidities, as well as higher mortality. This evidence supports a nutritional psychiatry approach that should be integrated into (rather than dissociated from) ED treatment research and practice.

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dismantling the myth of “all foods fit” in eating disorder treatment

Brewerton,

Dennis,

Wiss

2024

J Eat Disord

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“…According to this, food and related eating behaviors, like any other stimulus, can cause an addiction. However, there is still an ongoing debate in the scientific community regarding the “food addiction concept” and this paradigm is recurrently revisited, as usually happens with other diseases and mental disorders [ 5 , 6 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 ]. Indeed, the concept is not new, and has been in constant evolution through the years [ 145 ], with increased interest in recent decades.…”

Section: Food Addiction: a New Mental Disorder?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoding the Role of Gut-Microbiome in the Food Addiction Paradigm

Novelle

2021

IJERPH

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Eating behaviour is characterised by a solid balance between homeostatic and hedonic regulatory mechanisms at the central level and highly influenced by peripheral signals. Among these signals, those generated by the gut microbiota have achieved relevance in recent years. Despite this complex regulation, under certain circumstances eating behaviour can be deregulated becoming addictive. Although there is still an ongoing debate about the food addiction concept, studies agree that patients with eating addictive behaviour present similar symptoms to those experienced by drug addicts, by affecting central areas involved in the control of motivated behaviour. In this context, this review tries to summarise the main data regarding the role of the gut microbiome in eating behaviour and how a gut dysbiosis can be responsible for a maladaptive behaviour such as “food addiction”.

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“…This concept analysis was guided by Walker and Avant's approach, 13 which involves determining/identifying (1) the concept; (2) the aim/ purpose of the analysis; (3) uses of the concept; (4) its defining attributes; (5) a model case; (6) other distinguishing cases (e.g., borderline, contrary); (7) antecedents and consequences; and (8) empirical referents. The case studies are from participants in a study evaluating interventions for treating obesity in individuals with and without HPFA (HPFA+ and HPFA-, respectively).…”

Section: Concept Analysis Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Empirical research regarding food addiction is increasing and neurobiological and behavioral evidence is emerging that addictive-like eating may contribute to obesity in some individuals. 2,3 The term "food addiction" has a long history of use, 4 however, the current concept of food addiction remains controversial [4][5][6][7][8][9] with some questioning its validity and clinical utility. 5,8 Its conceptualization has also been hampered by the tendency for some to conflate food addiction with obesity, overconsumption, and/or established eating disorders (ED).…”

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confidence: 99%

Highly processed food addiction: A concept analysis

et al. 2021

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Aim: This concept analysis aims to clarify the highly processed food addiction (HPFA) concept and discuss its implications for treating obesity.Background: Emerging empirical evidence suggests addictive-like eating may contribute to obesity in some individuals, increasing interest in HPFA's role in obesity.Clarifying the HPFA concept will aid in developing individualized interventions for patients with obesity and HPFA.Design: This concept analysis followed Walker and Avant's approach. The case studies are of participants in a study that included individuals with and without HPFA (Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0-diagnosed). Data source: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and Ebscohost databases. Keywords were "food addiction" and "food addiction concept." Review methods: Criteria included recent reviews and empirical studies that measured HPFA and focused on HPFA characteristics and/or treatment implications. Results: The model case displayed all 11-substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms and clinical significance, supporting a severe HPFA diagnosis. The contrary case was negative for all YFAS 2.0 symptoms and clinical significance and did not eat compulsively or experience cravings. The borderline case met the minimum symptom criteria for severe HPFA but not clinical significance. Clinical interviews may help determine whether such individuals truly exhibit addictive-like eating behaviors. Conclusions: Growing empirical evidence and our case studies support the HPFA concept and the utility of the YFAS/YFAS 2.0 for identifying a distinct subset of individuals with overweight/obesity who may benefit from interventions developed to treat established SUDs. Future research should examine HPFA separately and in relation to obesity and eating disorders and include longitudinal studies and genderbalanced samples.

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Addressing controversies surrounding food addiction

Cited by 5 publications

References 113 publications

Dismantling the myth of “all foods fit” in eating disorder treatment

Dismantling the myth of “all foods fit” in eating disorder treatment

Decoding the Role of Gut-Microbiome in the Food Addiction Paradigm

Highly processed food addiction: A concept analysis

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