Addressable Label-Free Photoelectric Sensor Array with Self-Calibration for Detection of Neuron Specific Enolase

Abstract

An addressable label-free photoelectric immunosensor array was designed for detection of neuron specific enolase (NSE) based on TiO 2 /CdS as substrate materials. In this work, the hydrothermal synthesized TiO 2 nanorod film is evenly grown on the surface of the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), and then CdS with a narrow band gap is added for sensitization through successive ionic layer adsorption reactions. The obtained TiO 2 /CdS composite materials with matched energy band structures promote the rapid electron transfer and effectively reduce the recombination of electron hole pairs, which greatly enhance the visible light absorption and increased photocurrent intensity. In order to construct a suitable sensor array, the sensitized FTO electrode is divided into multiple regions of equal size by insulating stickers, and then the addressable and continuous detection of multiple samples can be achieved. Because multiple detection regions are prepared and tested under the same conditions, the difference effectively reduces, and the sensor can realize self-calibration and obtain more accurate results. Under optimal conditions, this sensor array can detect NSE in the linear range of 0.01−100 ng mL −1 with a detection limit of 2.49 pg mL −1 (S/N = 3). The sensor array has good selectivity, stability, and reproducibility, making it a viable approach for real sample detection.

A review of tactile sensors used in surgical robots

“…In May 2022, a photoelectric immunosensor array was designed to detect neuron-specific enolase by Xing et al This design improved the absorption of visible light in blood samples. Since this sensor array is stable and repeatable, it could be an acceptable sample analysis method in the detection of tumors, antigen, and cancer cells [15].…”

Universal Hydrogen-Treated TiO2 Nanorod Array/Ti2COX MXene PEC Aptamer Sensor Modulated by the Transport Characteristic of Photogenerated Holes

“…Although significant progress has been made in the material and microstructure design of PEC biosensors, their operating mechanisms remain unclear. Previous studies have found that photocurrent signal-enhanced-type ,,− phenomena frequently appear in PEC biosensors along with increasing target concentration. Nevertheless, there are also photocurrent signal-suppressed-type ,,− phenomena occurring occasionally.…”

“…Ti 2 C is one of the thinnest materials in the MXene system with an extremely narrow band gap. After being modified with −O groups, a large number of reactive sites on the surface can serve as potential binding sites for DNA aptamer fixation. − TiO 2 is a popular material in the field of photoelectric sensing and photocatalysis, due to its good photoelectric activity, high stability, and low cost. ,, Further, TiO 2 nanorod arrays (NAs) produced on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) possess large and adjustable specific surface areas (SSAs) for Ti 2 CO X MXene loading. , The oxygen-deficient state of its surface has the potential to bind better with Ti 2 CO X to form a more stable sensing system. Furthermore, by combing with narrow-band semiconductors, the carrier recombination of TiO 2 can be decreased by the heterojunction electric field.…”

“…29−34 TiO 2 is a popular material in the field of photoelectric sensing and photocatalysis, due to its good photoelectric activity, high stability, and low cost. 18,35,36 Further, TiO 2 nanorod arrays (NAs) produced on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) possess large and adjustable specific surface areas (SSAs) for Ti 2 CO X MXene loading. 37,38 The oxygen-deficient state of its surface has the potential to bind better with Ti 2 CO X to form a more stable sensing system.…”

Multiplex Signal Transduction and Output at Single Recognition Interface of Multiplexed Photoelectrochemical Sensors

“…In recent years, researchers worldwide have committed to developing various types of multiplexed PEC sensors to solve the problem of multiplex detection signal transduction and output from a single recognition interface of PEC sensors. To date, several new types of multiplexed PEC sensors have been introduced, such as light-addressable, − wavelength-resolved, ,− potentiometric-resolved, − and spatially resolved , PEC sensors. Obviously, the output issues of multiplex detection signals on the single recognition interface of a traditional PEC sensor can be effectively solved by constructing multiplex PEC sensing interfaces on a single recognition interface.…”