Additively manufactured unimorph dielectric elastomer actuators with ferroelectric particles for enhanced low-voltage actuation

Sikulskyi, Stanislav; Ren, Zefu; Govindarajan, Rishikesh Srinivasaraghavan; Mekonnen, Danayit T; Madiyar, Foram; Kim, Daewon

doi:10.1117/12.2613128

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Furthermore, if multiple DEA systems are prepared and the same of DEs are suddenly damaged, it can continue to drive by using the other DEs, and it will be possible to avoid the risk of not being able to drive at all [36,57]. Recently, attempts have been made to create DEAs using 3D printers (including Laser Structuring), a micro atmospheric plasma jets, or a pressure plasma jets [24,26,52]. However, from the perspective of improving the durability and performance, the benefits are not clear when compared to conventional methods.…”

Section: Lifetime Of a Deamentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of factors to improve the performance of dielectric elastomer transducers and their applications

Chiba,

Waki,

Takeshita

et al. 2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Actuators, sensors, and generators using dielectric elastomers are inexpensive and light, and can be easily to structured, multilayer-able, and very efficient. They are　ideal for an eco-energy society. In the latest technology, an only 0.15 g dielectric elastomer can lift an 8 kg weight by 1 mm or more in just 88 ms. the near future, it can be applied to efficient drive systems of humanoid robots, systems that assist in driving the motors of electric vehicles, and various industrial machinery. It is highly likely that very thin and miniaturized dielectric elastomer sensors would also support the driving of motors. In addition, dielectric elastomer generators, which can be applied to various external forces, have attracted significant attention as a renewable energy source. In this paper, we discuss the R&D status of dielectric elastomers using mainly commercially available elastomer materials, give examples of issues, and discuss and their potential applications, and usefulness.The excellent performance of the dielectric elastomers mentioned above is largely due to their carbon-based electrodes. In this study, various carbon materials (including carbon grease, carbon black, MWCNT, and SWCNT) and their dielectric elastomer performances were compared.

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Section: Lifetime Of a Deamentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of factors to improve the performance of dielectric elastomer transducers and their applications

Chiba,

Waki,

Takeshita

et al. 2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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“…Although pre-straining is known to lead to higher deformations even at low voltages [3,23], H. Kumamoto studied the Functional and Special Materials development of a compact mobile robot using his deformable DEA that is deformable, without prestretching, considering the lifetime of the elastomer [24]. S. Silkulski et al mixed ferroelectric particles and attempted low voltage drive [25]. L. Romasanta et al [26], E. Hajiesmaili [27], Chiba, et al [28], and F. Albuquerque et al [29] reviewed the SS curve, permittivity, dielectric loss, viscoelastic damping, the effect of an electric field, etc.…”

Section: Background Of Desmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibilities of Artificial Muscles Using Dielectric Elastomers and their Applications

Chiba

Waki²,

Takeshita

et al. 2023

AMR

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The recent developments in dielectric elastomers (DE) are spectacular. Currently, a DE as an actuator, 0.15 g of acrylic sandwiching SWCNT electrodes, is capable of lifting a weight of 8 kg by more than 1 mm at a speed of 88 msec. In the near future, DE motors could be used to drive electric vehicles. Moreover, the DE can be used as a high-efficiency sensor with the same structure. With a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm, it can accurately measure pressure from several kg to 150 kg. In addition, reversing this DE actuator (DEA) movement also enables high-efficiency power generation. In other words, when the DEA is stretched or pushed, it generates electric power. Single wall nanotubes (SWCNTs) were used as an electrode, and an acrylic DE power generation cartridge with a diameter of 80 mm was used. When the center of the DE power generation cartridge is pushed by about 15 mm, a power of 33.6 mJ is generated. Using these two DE cartridges, it was possible to charge a secondary battery through a DC converter. In addition to this power generator, practical research and development of power generation using wave power, wind power, waste heat, and fluids (ocean currents, water currents, etc.) is progressing. In this paper, we have described state-of-the-art DEAs, DE generators (including the case that the power generated locally by microgenerators are consumed locally), and DE sensors and explained their usefulness.

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“…17, it is apparent that increasing DE material's relative dielectric permittivity or breakdown strength proportionally increases actuation performance. However, some methods to increase DE dielectric properties lead to material mechanical stiffening, e.g., through dielectric composites (Haghiashtiani et al, 2018;Pu et al, 2022;Sikulskyi et al, 2022). Per Eq.…”

Section: Effects Of De and Passive Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As per the FOM, DE material's dielectric and mechanical properties drive the maximum possible DEA actuation while DE thickness determines the voltage required to enable the actuation as applied electric field is the ratio of voltage over DE thickness, E V/t DE . Despite neglecting electrode thickness and assuming DE material be linearly elastic, planar DEA FOMs allow for an uncomplicated estimation of actuator performance and material selection (Sikulskyi et al, 2022). Meanwhile, modeling UDEA is more complicated than planar DEAs from the layers' design standpoint and lacks a simple tool like FOM for material selection and design optimization despite numerous static and dynamic analytical modeling approaches with elastic, hyperelastic, and viscoelastic DE materials (Lau et al, 2011;Kadooka et al, 2016;Kadooka, 2017;Haghiashtiani et al, 2018;Gareis and Maas, 2021;Hajiesmaili and Clarke, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additively manufactured unimorph dielectric elastomer actuators: Design, materials, and fabrication

et al. 2022

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Dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) is a smart material that holds promise for soft robotics due to the material’s intrinsic softness, high energy density, fast response, and reversible electromechanical characteristics. Like for most soft robotics materials, additive manufacturing (AM) can significantly benefit DEAs and is mainly applied to the unimorph DEA (UDEA) configuration. While major aspects of UDEA modeling are known, 3D printed UDEAs are subject to specific material and geometrical limitations due to the AM process and require a more thorough analysis of their design and performance. Furthermore, a figure of merit (FOM) is an analytical tool that is frequently used for planar DEA design optimization and material selection but is not yet derived for UDEA. Thus, the objective of the paper is modeling of 3D printed UDEAs, analyzing the effects of their design features on the actuation performance, and deriving FOMs for UDEAs. As a result, the derived analytical model demonstrates dependence of actuation performance on various design parameters typical for 3D printed DEAs, provides a new optimum thickness to Young’s modulus ratio of UDEA layers when designing a 3D printed DEA with fixed dielectric elastomer layer thickness, and serves as a base for UDEAs’ FOMs. The FOMs have various degrees of complexity depending on considered UDEA design features. The model was numerically verified and experimentally validated through the actuation of a 3D printed UDEA. The fabricated and tested UDEA design was optimized geometrically by controlling the thickness of each layer and from the material perspective by mixing commercially available silicones in non-standard ratios for the passive and dielectric layers. Finally, the prepared non-standard mix ratios of the silicones were characterized for their viscosity dynamics during curing at various conditions to investigate the silicones’ manufacturability through AM.

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Additively manufactured unimorph dielectric elastomer actuators with ferroelectric particles for enhanced low-voltage actuation

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Examination of factors to improve the performance of dielectric elastomer transducers and their applications

Examination of factors to improve the performance of dielectric elastomer transducers and their applications

Possibilities of Artificial Muscles Using Dielectric Elastomers and their Applications

Additively manufactured unimorph dielectric elastomer actuators: Design, materials, and fabrication

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