Additively manufactured ultra-high vacuum chamber for portable quantum technologies

Cooper, Nathan; Coles, Laurence A.; Everton, Sarah K.; Maskery, Ian; Campion, R. P.; H, Madkhaly, Somya; Morley, Christopher P.; O’Shea, James N.; Evans, W. D.; Saint, R.; Krüger, Peter; Oručević, Fedja; Tuck, Christopher; Wildman, Ricky; Fromhold, T. M.; Hackermüller, Lucia

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2021.101898

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The surface profilometry measurements determined an arithmetic average wall roughness of R a = 5.9 µm. While this wall roughness is comparable to recent work in additively manufactured vacuum chambers 16 , it remains orders of magnitude larger than the wall roughness achievable for DRIE, with short etch depths (≤100 µm) achieving R a = 5 nm, 8,17 and deep etched silicon (1.4 mm) demonstrating R a = 300 nm 18 . In future applications, chemical smoothing of the inner walls can be applied if the wall roughness is found to hinder the atomic vapor cell's long-term performance.…”

Section: Fabrication and Set-upsupporting

confidence: 61%

Micro-machined deep silicon atomic vapor cells

Dyer¹,

Griffin²,

Arnold³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Using a simple and cost-effective water jet process, silicon etch depth limitations are overcome to realize a 6 mm deep atomic vapor cell. While the minimum silicon feature size was limited to a 1.5 mm width in these first generation vapor cells, we successfully demonstrate a two-chamber geometry by including a ∼25 mm meandering channel between the alkali pill chamber and main interrogation chamber. We evaluate the impact of the channel conductance on the introduction of alkali vapor density during the pill activation process, and mitigate glass damage and pill contamination near the main chamber. Finally, we highlight the improved signal achievable in the 6 mm silicon cell compared to standard 2 mm path length silicon vapor cells.

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Section: Fabrication and Set-upsupporting

confidence: 61%

Micro-machined deep silicon atomic vapor cells

Dyer¹,

Griffin²,

Arnold³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The outlook towards further miniaturisation of the system is very favourable with additively manufactured vacuum chambers now demonstrating pressure levels compatible with cold-atom systems. 16,17 This raises the possibility of the cavity also acting as the vacuum chamber, negating one of the largest factors in the SWaP budget of the current system. We believe this work is another crucial step towards the realisation portable cold-atom frequency standards for the next generation of compact time keeping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A compact cold-atom double-resonance clock

Bregazzi

Batori²,

Lewis³

et al. 2023

Quantum Sensing, Imaging, and Precision Metrology

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We present a demonstration of a cold-atom optical-microwave double resonance (DR) Ramsey clock utilising an additively manufactured loop-gap-resonator cavity and grating magneto-optical trap (GMOT). The use of additive manufacturing allows for complex cavity structures, more difficult to produce with traditional machining techniques, while the GMOT architecture significantly simplifies the optical system required to trap and cool the atomic sample. In the current demonstration a single laser is used to trap > 3 × 10 6 87 Rb atoms, cool them to below 10 µK, optically pump and read-out state populations of the atoms after microwave interrogation. A Ramsey-type interrogation scheme is employed with an empirically evaluated optimum free evolution time of 10 ms, limited by the loss of signal due to atoms falling out of the read-out beam. We demonstrate a short-term stability of < 2 × 10 −11 τ −1/2 , in reasonable agreement with the predicted short-term stability based on the signal to noise ratio of the measured Ramsey fringes. Excellent field homogeneity of the cavity microwave field is demonstrated though Rabi oscillations, while almost complete optical pumping and good field orientation is evidenced by Zeeman spectroscopy of the ground-state hyperfine energy levels. This work is a novel approach towards more compact and portable cold-atom microwave clocks with significant potential for further miniaturization of the system.

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“…In [1,2] UHV applications were considered and LPBF manufacturing technology was used, but direct UHV characterisation like vacuum tests was not investigated. On the other hand, in literature [3][4][5][6] not only LPBF was used, but also vacuum tightness was positively tested against UHV requirements. Even more, in [3,6] outgassing rate was monitored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, in literature [3][4][5][6] not only LPBF was used, but also vacuum tightness was positively tested against UHV requirements. Even more, in [3,6] outgassing rate was monitored. However, AlSi10Mg, Ni-5Mo-15Fe alloy and 316L materials were used instead of pure copper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of green laser source additive manufacturing technology for accelerator applications with ultra-high vacuum requirements

Ratkus,

Rarison,

Garion

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers different benefits such as efficient material usage, reduced production time and design freedom. Moreover, with continuous technological developments, AM expands in versatility and different material usage capabilities. Recently new energy sources have been developed for AM – green wavelength lasers, which provide better energy absorption for pure copper. Due to high thermal and electrical conductivity of copper, this novel AM technology is highly promising for various industries, particularly, there is a huge interest to use it for accelerator applications. In particular, these AM produced accelerator components should reach the associated Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) requirements. In this study, vacuum membranes of pure copper were produced by AM using a green laser source, in different thicknesses and built angles. Furthermore, a vacuum membrane helium leak tightness test was performed at room temperature by using a high-sensitivity mass spectrometer. Comparison of these test results was performed with previously established results. Through this study, novel knowledge and initial results are provided for green laser source AM technology usage for applications for UHV accelerator components.

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Additively manufactured ultra-high vacuum chamber for portable quantum technologies

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Micro-machined deep silicon atomic vapor cells

Micro-machined deep silicon atomic vapor cells

A compact cold-atom double-resonance clock

Evaluation of green laser source additive manufacturing technology for accelerator applications with ultra-high vacuum requirements

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