Additively manufactured materials and structures: A state-of-the-art review on their mechanical characteristics and energy absorption

Wu, Yaozhong; Fang, Jianguang; Wu, Chi; Li, Cunyi; Li, Qing

doi:10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2023.108102

Cited by 123 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 614 publications

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“…These imperfections in the printed materials/structures can to a certain extent affect the mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics. Wu et al focus on the quantitative characterisation of the defects and their effect on mechanical properties and energy absorption of additive manufacturing materials and structures [39].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and experimental study of viscoelastic properties and energy absorption of functionally graded negative stiffness honeycomb made of Polyamide 12

Shafipour

Ahmadi-Brooghani

2023

Plastics, Rubber and Composites

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This study investigated the effect of a functionally graded negative stiffness (FGNS) honeycomb made from polyamide 12 (PA12) on increasing energy absorption. In addition, the viscoelastic model of PA12 was implemented in the finite element (FE) model to demonstrate the recoverability of these structures. First, a quasi-static compression test was performed on constant thickness negative stiffness (CTNS) honeycomb and FGNS honeycomb. Then, these two structures' FE models were simulated. The stress relaxation test was utilised to derive Prony series coefficients for PA12 viscoelastic properties. The results of viscoelastic simulation for CTNS and FGNS honeycombs were then compared with experimental results. The comparison demonstrated a good agreement in both the loading and unloading stages. Furthermore, the critical parameters for evaluating the structural energy absorption of the FGNS honeycomb and the conventional ones were used in this study. According to the results, the FGNS honeycomb outperformed the CTNS experimentally and numerically.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and experimental study of viscoelastic properties and energy absorption of functionally graded negative stiffness honeycomb made of Polyamide 12

Shafipour

Ahmadi-Brooghani

2023

Plastics, Rubber and Composites

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“…In the context of heterogeneous photopolymers for AM, inkjet printing is a highly interesting technique. , The availability of multimaterial print heads with thousands of nozzles can substantially simplify the manufacturing of multiphase materials, sometimes referred to as “digital materials”.…”

Section: Photopolymer-based Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Unregulated Networks to Designed Microstructures: Introducing Heterogeneity at Different Length Scales in Photopolymers for Additive Manufacturing

Ahmadi,

Ehrmann,

Koch

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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Photopolymers have been optimized as protective and decorative coating materials for decades. However, with the rise of additive manufacturing technologies, vat photopolymerization has unlocked the use of photopolymers for three-dimensional objects with new material requirements. Thus, the originally highly cross-linked, amorphous architecture of photopolymers cannot match the expectations for modern materials anymore, revealing the largely unanswered question of how diverse properties can be achieved in photopolymers. Herein, we review how microstructural features in soft matter materials should be designed and implemented to obtain high performance materials. We then translate these findings into chemical design suggestions for enhanced printable photopolymers. Based on this analysis, we have found microstructural heterogenization to be the most powerful tool to tune photopolymer performance. By combining the chemical toolbox for photopolymerization and the analytical toolbox for microstructural characterization, we examine current strategies for physical heterogenization (fillers, inkjet printing) and chemical heterogenization (semicrystalline polymers, block copolymers, interpenetrating networks, photopolymerization induced phase separation) of photopolymers and put them into a material scientific context to develop a roadmap for improving and diversifying photopolymers' performance.

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“…The failure behaviour of additively manufactured cellular materials has been extensively studied in recent years. 112,113 The review by Wu et al 114 characterises and classifies various AM structures for mechanical performance and energy absorption applications. The fatigue behaviour of cellular materials is detailed with great depth in the review of Benedetti et al 115…”

Section: Mechanical Behaviour Of Nptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, properties, and applications of non-pneumatic tires: A review

Sardinha

Vaz

Ramos

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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The interest in airless or non-pneumatic tire (NPT) structures emerges due to potential performance and environmental advantages, such as reduced rolling resistance and improved recyclability, when compared with traditional rubber-based pneumatic tires. NPTs can already be found in commercial applications such as forklifts, electric scooters, and wheelchairs. Even so, up to the knowledge of authors, there is no known established large-scale production of NPTs for most applications. This work presents a systematic literature review regarding the mechanical design and development of NPTs. A summary of structural characteristics and mechanical behaviour analysis is provided. Relevant standards, analysis strategies, materials, production techniques, and the end-of-life of tires are addressed. In the end, the authors debate the current challenges and prospects of these emergent products. Furthermore, this research aims at being used as a tool, potentiating the development of innovative and efficient, airless tire solutions. The review presented clarifies that many academic efforts are focused on finding optimal functional designs, which are frequently complex and physically demanding. These geometrically complex design proposals are, in most cases, composed of intricate cellular structures and spokes arrangements. Based on the current lack of knowledge, authors identify key research areas to be further developed such as the production, performance, and reliability of NPTs. It is debatable whether there will ever be a shortcoming of the rubber tire, or a time when fully recyclable tires are a societal obligation. Nevertheless, the number of reasons to promote the development of a reliable replacement to the traditional tire is far from scarce.

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Additively manufactured materials and structures: A state-of-the-art review on their mechanical characteristics and energy absorption

Cited by 123 publications

References 614 publications

Numerical and experimental study of viscoelastic properties and energy absorption of functionally graded negative stiffness honeycomb made of Polyamide 12

Numerical and experimental study of viscoelastic properties and energy absorption of functionally graded negative stiffness honeycomb made of Polyamide 12

From Unregulated Networks to Designed Microstructures: Introducing Heterogeneity at Different Length Scales in Photopolymers for Additive Manufacturing

Design, properties, and applications of non-pneumatic tires: A review

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