Additively Manufactured INCONEL(®) Alloy 718

Benn, Raymond C.; Salva, Randy P.

doi:10.1002/9781118495223.ch35

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Thus, it is reasonable to consider that the pre-formed Al2O3 particles in EBM-fabricated substrate act as a nucleation site for Ti/Nb carbides. Precipitates grew by a diffusion process with a slow cooling rate in EBM process, resembling the process of homogenization heat treatment [25]. Besides, a slight coating of the Ti/Nb carbides also could be found in Al2O3 particles of SLM, as proved with the one noted by the light blue arrow in Figure 3c.…”

Section: Microstructures Of Am-and Sps-fabricated Alloyssupporting

confidence: 59%

Study of Formed Oxides in IN718 Alloy during the Fabrication by Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting

Hayashi

Kakehi

et al. 2018

Metals

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This study confirmed that Al2O3 particles were formed in IN718 alloys during the fabrication by both selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM). Different heat pattern and atmospheres in SLM and EBM result in different distribution and volume fraction of Al2O3 particles. The Al2O3 oxides would act as nucleation sites for the precipitation of Nb/Ti carbides, leading to the formation of unique core-shell composites with Al2O3 in the center and Ti/Nb at the periphery. In order to investigate the oxygen content introduced during SLM and EBM, the volume fraction of Al2O3 formed in spark plasm sintering (SPS)-fabricated substrate, by consolidating the pre-oxidized IN718 raw powders at 800 °C, was utilized. The oxygen contents introduced to IN718 substrates during SLM and EBM fabrication were calculated to be 0.030 wt% and 0.099 wt%, respectively.

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Section: Microstructures Of Am-and Sps-fabricated Alloyssupporting

confidence: 59%

Study of Formed Oxides in IN718 Alloy during the Fabrication by Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting

Hayashi

Kakehi

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…It is worth mentioning that Al-rich oxides are thermodynamically very stable and not removed by HIPing, as previously observed in HIP'ed EBM Alloy 718 [24]. It is pertinent to note that concerns regarding thermally induced porosity (TIP), i.e., regrowth of apparently "closed" defects during subsequent heat treatment, have been reported [25,26]. Therefore, the samples HIP1#2, #4, and #6 were also subjected to heat treatment at 1180° C/4 h under vacuum, as previously studied by Benn et al [26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Therefore, the TIP phenomenon was not discernible in the present HIP'ed EBM built Alloy 718 samples, at least to a statistically discernible limit, thereby indicating the efficacy of defect closure achieved by HIPing. It is worth mentioning that TIP plausibly did not happen in the It is pertinent to note that concerns regarding thermally induced porosity (TIP), i.e., regrowth of apparently "closed" defects during subsequent heat treatment, have been reported [25,26]. Therefore, the samples HIP1#2, #4, and #6 were also subjected to heat treatment at 1180 • C/4 h under vacuum, as previously studied by Benn et al [26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It is worth mentioning that TIP plausibly did not happen in the It is pertinent to note that concerns regarding thermally induced porosity (TIP), i.e., regrowth of apparently "closed" defects during subsequent heat treatment, have been reported [25,26]. Therefore, the samples HIP1#2, #4, and #6 were also subjected to heat treatment at 1180 • C/4 h under vacuum, as previously studied by Benn et al [26]. The results showed no significant difference in defect content before and after the heat treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can Appropriate Thermal Post-Treatment Make Defect Content in as-Built Electron Beam Additively Manufactured Alloy 718 Irrelevant?

et al. 2020

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Electron beam melting (EBM) is gaining rapid popularity for production of complex customized parts. For strategic applications involving materials like superalloys (e.g., Alloy 718), post-treatments including hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) to eliminate defects, and solutionizing and aging to achieve the desired phase constitution are often practiced. The present study specifically explores the ability of the combination of the above post-treatments to render the as-built defect content in EBM Alloy 718 irrelevant. Results show that HIPing can reduce defect content from as high as 17% in as-built samples (intentionally generated employing increased processing speeds in this illustrative proof-of-concept study) to <0.3%, with the small amount of remnant defects being mainly associated with oxide inclusions. The subsequent solution and aging treatments are also found to yield virtually identical phase distribution and hardness values in samples with vastly varying as-built defect contents. This can have considerable implications in contributing to minimizing elaborate process optimization efforts as well as slightly enhancing production speeds to promote industrialization of EBM for applications that demand the above post-treatments.

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“…In these industrial sectors, the process is specially focused on different steel alloys, nickel superalloys [8,9] and titanium alloys. Steels are usually alloyed with vanadium, nickel superalloys, like Inconel 718 or Inconel 625, have titanium and niobium in its chemical composition and one of most typical titanium alloys is Ti6Al4V, which contains both titanium and vanadium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Influence of Shielding Gases on Laser Metal Deposition of Inconel 718 Superalloy

et al. 2018

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The use of the Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) technology as a manufacturing and repairing technique in industrial sectors like the die and mold and aerospace is increasing within the last decades. Research carried out in the field of LMD process situates argon as the most usual inert gas, followed by nitrogen. Some leading companies have started to use helium and argon as carrier and shielding gas, respectively. There is therefore a pressing need to know how the use of different gases may affect the LMD process due there being a lack of knowledge with regard to gas mixtures. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the influence of a mixture of argon and helium on the LMD process by analyzing single tracks of deposited material. For this purpose, special attention is paid to the melt pool temperature, as well as to the characterization of the deposited clads. The increment of helium concentration in the gases of the LMD processes based on argon will have three effects. The first one is a slight reduction of the height of the clads. Second, an increase of the temperature of the melt pool. Last, smaller wet angles are obtained for higher helium concentrations.

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Additively Manufactured INCONEL(®) Alloy 718

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Study of Formed Oxides in IN718 Alloy during the Fabrication by Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting

Study of Formed Oxides in IN718 Alloy during the Fabrication by Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting

Can Appropriate Thermal Post-Treatment Make Defect Content in as-Built Electron Beam Additively Manufactured Alloy 718 Irrelevant?

Study of the Influence of Shielding Gases on Laser Metal Deposition of Inconel 718 Superalloy

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