Additively-manufactured functionally graded Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures with high strength under static and dynamic loading: Experiments

Xiao, Lixin; Song, Weidong

doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2017.09.018

Cited by 230 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The energy absorption capability of progressively failing glassy carbon nanospinodals substantially exceeds that of any other 3D architected material (Figure d). We measure 3–20 times increased specific energy absorption compared to the most advanced nanolattices, as well as larger‐scale beam‐, and shell‐based architected materials . Compared to metal foams, our nanospinodals show up to an order of magnitude increase in energy absorption capability .…”

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confidence: 97%

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Ultrahigh Energy Absorption Multifunctional Spinodal Nanoarchitectures

Izard

Bauer

Crook

et al. 2019

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Nanolattices are promoted as next‐generation multifunctional high‐performance materials, but their mechanical response is limited to extreme strength yet brittleness, or extreme deformability but low strength and stiffness. Ideal impact protection systems require high‐stress plateaus over long deformation ranges to maximize energy absorption. Here, glassy carbon nanospinodals, i.e., nanoarchitectures with spinodal shell topology, combining ultrahigh energy absorption and exceptional strength and stiffness at low weight are presented. Noncatastrophic deformation up to 80% strain, and energy absorption up to one order of magnitude higher than for other nano‐, micro‐, macro‐architectures and solids, and state‐of‐the‐art impact protection structures are shown. At the same time, the strength and stiffness are on par with the most advanced yet brittle nanolattices, demonstrating true multifunctionality. Finite element simulations show that optimized shell thickness‐to‐curvature‐radius ratios suppress catastrophic failure by impeding propagation of dangerously oriented cracks. In contrast to most micro‐ and nano‐architected materials, spinodal architectures may be easily manufacturable on an industrial scale, and may become the next generation of superior cellular materials for structural applications.

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confidence: 97%

“…c) Energy absorption versus relative density. d) Comparison of the energy absorption with metallic foams, nanolattices, large‐scale beam‐, and shell‐based lattices …”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrahigh Energy Absorption Multifunctional Spinodal Nanoarchitectures

Izard

Bauer

Crook

et al. 2019

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“…In order to better understand lattice failure, simple linearly graded structures have been widely studied in vitro [111,112]. Under compression, sequential collapse of layers prior to full densification of structures has been observed in graded lattices, both with linear and curved gradients in density, with no significant difference in the mechanical response to static and dynamic compression testing [113,114]. The degree of densification between layer failures can be modified, as demonstrated by structures using sigmoidal density gradients [115].…”

Section: Macroscale Implant Design For Stress Shieldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, industrial, and research perspectives on powder bed fusion additively manufactured metal implants

Lowther

Louth

Davey

et al. 2019

Additive Manufacturing

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A B S T R A C TFor over ten years, metallic skeletal endoprostheses have been produced in select cases by additive manufacturing (AM) and increasing awareness is driving demand for wider access to the technology. This review brings together key stakeholder perspectives on the translation of AM research; clinical application, ongoing research in the field of powder bed fusion, and the current regulatory framework. The current clinical use of AM is assessed, both on a mass-manufactured scale and bespoke application for patient specific implants. To illuminate the benefits to clinicians, a case study on the provision of custom cranioplasty is provided based on prosthetist testimony. Current progress in research is discussed, with immediate gains to be made through increased design freedom described at both meso-and macro-scale, as well as long-term goals in alloy development including bioactive materials. In all cases, focus is given to specific clinical challenges such as stress shielding and osseointegration. Outstanding challenges in industrialisation of AM are openly raised, with possible solutions assessed. Finally, overarching context is given with a review of the regulatory framework involved in translating AM implants, with particular emphasis placed on customisation within an orthopaedic remit. A viable future for AM of metal implants is presented, and it is suggested that continuing collaboration between all stakeholders will enable acceleration of the translation process. fection or surgical complications [11][12][13].Currently, the majority of skeletal endoprostheses are produced from titanium (Ti) or cobalt chromium (CoCr) based alloys, which meet the criteria of durability, strength, corrosion resistance and a low immune response [14,15]. These characteristics however come at the cost of the high stiffness of these alloys in comparison to bone. Mismatch between the mechanical properties of bone and orthopaedic materials

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“…Metallic micro-lattice structures, which comprise an assembly of micro-struts, can be adopted to evaluate the basic properties of the material with tiny sizes due to their properties are related to a single strut. Up to today, a number of studies have also been performed to discuss the properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Mines [26] fabricated cellular Ti-6Al-4V and stainless steel with Body-Center-Cubic (BCC) structure by adopting SLM technology, found that the surface quality of Ti-6Al-4V strut was much worse than that of stainless steel strut.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive properties and micro-structural characteristics of Ti–6Al–4V fabricated by electron beam melting and selective laser melting

Xiao

Song

et al. 2019

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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Bulk Ti-6Al-4V material and its lattice structures with rhombic dodecahedron unit cells are fabricated by electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM) method respectively. The effect of part size on the compressive properties and failure modes of the material is taken into consideration. Electronic universal testing machine and Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system are adopted for experiments, and the compressive behavior of the additively manufactured materials is investigated accordingly. Meanwhile, multiscale observations are conducted to reveal the macro-and microscopic deformation mechanism. The results showed that the mechanical response of the dense struts as well as micro-lattice structures manufactured by the two processes are quite different. The yield strength of the EBM printed parts, in which the grain size distributions and texture between the center and the edge regions seem to be different, are more sensitive to the specimen size. The geometric imperfections are also considered to reduce the strength of the undersized struts prepared by EBM. The specimens fabricated by both of the two approaches exhibit elastic-plastic deformation. Besides, the SLM made material is found to be more sensitive to strain rate especially for that below 1000/s than the EBM parts.

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Additively-manufactured functionally graded Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures with high strength under static and dynamic loading: Experiments

Cited by 230 publications

References 59 publications

Ultrahigh Energy Absorption Multifunctional Spinodal Nanoarchitectures

Ultrahigh Energy Absorption Multifunctional Spinodal Nanoarchitectures

Clinical, industrial, and research perspectives on powder bed fusion additively manufactured metal implants

Compressive properties and micro-structural characteristics of Ti–6Al–4V fabricated by electron beam melting and selective laser melting

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