Additively manufactured cylindrical systems with stiffness-tailored interface: Modeling and experiments

Review of Tailoring Methods for Joints with Additively Manufactured Adherends and Adhesives

“…Most of works focused on additively manufactured adherend tailoring. Kumar et al [ 23 , 24 ] and Khan et al [ 25 , 26 , 27 ] in their works modelled the stress distributions of joints using functionally graded materials achieved with digital materials and Ubaid et al [ 30 ] experimentally assessed load carrying and toughness improvements due to a modified strain field distribution in the bondline using single lap joints and digital image correlation.…”

“…Kumar et al [ 23 , 24 ] and Khan et al [ 25 , 26 ] used AM to create single lap joint (SLJ) geometries with tailored modulus in the bondline layer without additional joining, a process conceptually similar to that of AddJoining [ 12 ].…”

“…The works of Khan et al [ 25 , 26 ] focused on the compliance tailoring of joints in cylindrical configurations using three different strategies for the gradation of the elastic modulus of the adhesive layer. These were the use of power law, exponential law and trapezoidal law ( Figure 4 ).…”

“…In [ 26 ], authors investigated the effect of two-sided linearly varying elastic modulus profiles created using a trapezoidal law. The model output gives best results for adhesive gradation normalized on the overlap length equal to 0.25.…”

“…Experiments on this configuration were compared to baseline solutions with homogeneous bond layers with elastic modulus E MIN and E MAX , which confirmed model previsions as tensile load increments up to 100% and toughness increments up to 69%. Comparing the results from [ 25 ] and [ 26 ] it can be observed how symmetrical elastic modulus bond layer tailoring is more effective than monotonic tailoring. This is true even for geometries that have non-symmetrical stress distributions under tensile loading due to the geometrical configuration of the joint.…”