Additive-promoted hypergolic ignition of ionic liquid with hydrogen peroxide

Bhosale, Vikas K.; Jeong, Junyeong; Choi, Jonghoon; Churchill, David G.; Lee, Yunho; Kwon, Sejin

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.01.013

Cited by 46 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…According to the formula I sp = k , I sp is related to the gaseous combustion temperature ( T c ) and the average molecular mass of the combustion gas ( M ). In the entire calculation, the following are considered: ambient temperature = 298.15 K, fuel-to-oxidizer ratio = 2.0–5.0, P c = 25 atm, P e = 1 atm, A e / A t = 4, and freezing flow conditions during expansion . The calculated specific impulses ( I sp ) of HEMOFs- 1 , 2 , and 3 were 257.7, 265.3, and 273.9 s, respectively.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Energy Metal–Organic Frameworks with a Dicyanamide Linker for Hypergolic Fuels

Wang

Zhong

et al. 2021

Inorg. Chem.

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In this study, a hypergolic linker (dicyanamide, DCA) and a highenergy nitrogen-rich ligand (1,5-diaminotetrazole, DAT) were applied to construct high-energy metal−organic frameworks (HEMOFs) with hypergolic property. Three novel metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized via a mild method with fascinating 2D polymeric architectures, and they could ignite spontaneously upon contact with white fuming nitric acid (WFNA). The gravimetric energy densities of the three HEMOFs all exceeded 26.2 kJ•g −1 . The cupric MOF exhibits the highest gravimetric and volumetric energy density of 27.5 kJ•g −1 and 51.3 kJ•cm −3 , respectively. By adjusting the metal cations, high-energy ligands and hypergolic linkers can improve the performance of hypergolic MOFs. This work provides a strategy for manufacturing MOFs as potential high-energy hypergolic fuels.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Energy Metal–Organic Frameworks with a Dicyanamide Linker for Hypergolic Fuels

Wang

Zhong

et al. 2021

Inorg. Chem.

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“…Hydrogen peroxide has been experimented thoroughly for hypergolic ignition with hydrocarbons such as ethanol [81] and propyne [82]. Further, hypergolic ignition with ionic-liquid fuels such as 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium cyanoborohydride ([EMIM][BH 3 CN]) [83] and 1-allyl-3-ethyl imidazolium cyanoborohydride ([AEIM][BH 3 CN]) [84] would allow for developing new generations of green propellants for effective in-space bipropellant propulsion systems, namely green hypergolic ionic liquids (HILs) [85].…”

Section: Hydrogen Peroxide Aqueous Solutions (Hpas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H 2 O 2 as a monopropellant and its ability to ignite hypergolically with green Hypergolic Ionic Liquids (HILs) in a bipropellant system is a relatively new topic that opens many opportunities for research and development of such a promising concept. A recently published article by Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) discussed such system using additive-promoters to promote the hypergolic ignition of HIL with 95% H 2 O 2 [85]. Obviously in such system, an external catalytic bed is no longer needed; however, in the case of extending the HIL/H 2 O 2 system to a multi-mode configuration incorporating an H 2 O 2 monopropellant auxiliary propulsion, the need for a catalytic bed will be essential-Figure 1c represents such a multi-mode schematic.…”

Section: Green Monopropellants In Multi-mode Propulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of State-of-the-Art Green Monopropellants: For Propulsion Systems Analysts and Designers

2021

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Current research trends have advanced the use of “green propellants” on a wide scale for spacecraft in various space missions; mainly for environmental sustainability and safety concerns. Small satellites, particularly micro and nanosatellites, evolved from passive planetary-orbiting to being able to perform active orbital operations that may require high-thrust impulsive capabilities. Thus, onboard primary and auxiliary propulsion systems capable of performing such orbital operations are required. Novelty in primary propulsion systems design calls for specific attention to miniaturization, which can be achieved, along the above-mentioned orbital transfer capabilities, by utilizing green monopropellants due to their relative high performance together with simplicity, and better storability when compared to gaseous and bi-propellants, especially for miniaturized systems. Owing to the ongoing rapid research activities in the green-propulsion field, it was necessary to extensively study and collect various data of green monopropellants properties and performance that would further assist analysts and designers in the research and development of liquid propulsion systems. This review traces the history and origins of green monopropellants and after intensive study of physicochemical properties of such propellants it was possible to classify green monopropellants to three main classes: Energetic Ionic Liquids (EILs), Liquid NOx Monopropellants, and Hydrogen Peroxide Aqueous Solutions (HPAS). Further, the tabulated data and performance comparisons will provide substantial assistance in using analysis tools—such as: Rocket Propulsion Analysis (RPA) and NASA CEA—for engineers and scientists dealing with chemical propulsion systems analysis and design. Some applications of green monopropellants were discussed through different propulsion systems configurations such as: multi-mode, dual mode, and combined chemical–electric propulsion. Although the in-space demonstrated EILs (i.e., AF-M315E and LMP-103S) are widely proposed and utilized in many space applications, the investigation transpired that NOx fuel blends possess the highest performance, while HPAS yield the lowest performance even compared to hydrazine.

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“…Overall, the discussed reactions are new in the field of conductive polymers, offering novel footpaths to nanocarbon synthesis as well as new solid propellants for rocket fuel applications. Although conductive polymers are considered expensive reagents, it should be emphasized that their relatively high cost is equivalent to or even less than the forfeit of ionic liquids, the latter being widely studied as hypergolic fuels and propellants [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanostructures Derived through Hypergolic Reaction of Conductive Polymers with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions

et al. 2021

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Hypergolic systems rely on organic fuel and a powerful oxidizer that spontaneously ignites upon contact without any external ignition source. Although their main utilization pertains to rocket fuels and propellants, it is only recently that hypergolics has been established from our group as a new general method for the synthesis of different morphologies of carbon nanostructures depending on the hypergolic pair (organic fuel-oxidizer). In search of new pairs, the hypergolic mixture described here contains polyaniline as the organic source of carbon and fuming nitric acid as strong oxidizer. Specifically, the two reagents react rapidly and spontaneously upon contact at ambient conditions to afford carbon nanosheets. Further liquid-phase exfoliation of the nanosheets in dimethylformamide results in dispersed single layers exhibiting strong Tyndall effect. The method can be extended to other conductive polymers, such as polythiophene and polypyrrole, leading to the formation of different type carbon nanostructures (e.g., photolumincent carbon dots). Apart from being a new synthesis pathway towards carbon nanomaterials and a new type of reaction for conductive polymers, the present hypergolic pairs also provide a novel set of rocket bipropellants based on conductive polymers.

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Additive-promoted hypergolic ignition of ionic liquid with hydrogen peroxide

Cited by 46 publications

References 36 publications

High-Energy Metal–Organic Frameworks with a Dicyanamide Linker for Hypergolic Fuels

High-Energy Metal–Organic Frameworks with a Dicyanamide Linker for Hypergolic Fuels

Review of State-of-the-Art Green Monopropellants: For Propulsion Systems Analysts and Designers

Carbon Nanostructures Derived through Hypergolic Reaction of Conductive Polymers with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions

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