“…However, MPBF is a complex manufacturing process with many processing parameters that influence the properties of the as-built part (Malekipour and El-Mounayri, 2018). Quality issues such as diversity in microstructure (Padmakumar, 2020), poor surface finish (Nurhudan et al , 2021) and inherent residual stresses (RS) (Rane, 2019) have detrimental effects on the final part quality. The existing review studies on MPBF have discussed its application with specific materials such as steels, Al-alloy, Ti-alloy, Nickel-based superalloys and Co–Cr (Haghdadi et al , 2021; Lowther et al , 2019; Revilla-León et al , 2020; Sanchez et al , 2021; Sing and Yeong, 2020); MPBF process defects and their physical phenomena such as balling, porosity, gas pores, lack of fusion regions, surface defects and RS (Bartlett and Li, 2019; Dowling et al , 2020; Maleki et al , 2021; Snow et al , 2020; Zhang et al , 2019, 2018) and effect of processing parameters on build part quality (Azarniya et al , 2019; Chahal and Taylor, 2020; Tan et al , 2020; Yusuf and Gao, 2017).…”