Additive Manufacturing of Stable Energy Storage Devices Using a Multinozzle Printing System

Abstract

The development of the Internet of things has prompted an exponential increase in the demand for flexible, wearable devices, thereby posing new challenges to their integration and conformalization. Additive manufacturing facilitates the fabrication of complex parts via a single integrated process. Herein, the development of a multinozzle, multimaterial printing device is reported. This device accommodates the various characteristics of printing materials, ensures high‐capacity printing, and can accommodate a wide range of material viscosities from 0 to 1000 Cp. Complete capacitors, inclusive of the current collector, electrode, and electrolyte, can be printed without repeated clamping to complete the preheating, printing, and sintering processes. This method addresses the poor stability issue associated with printed electrode materials. Furthermore, after the intercalation of LiFePO4 with Na ions, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction results reveal that the Na ions permeate the interlayer structure of LiFePO4, enhancing the ion migration channels by increasing the ion transmission rate. A current rate of 2.5 mAh ensures >2000 charge/discharge cycles, while retaining a charge/discharge efficiency of 96% and a discharge capacity of 91.3 mAh g−1. This manufacturing process can provide conformal power modules for a diverse range of portable devices with various shapes, improving space utilization.

CNT@MnO2 composite ink toward a flexible 3D printed micro‐zinc‐ion battery

“…The continuity and effectiveness of the whole battery circuit can be intuitively displayed. The equation of potential change is: 44 …”

3D printing of hierarchically micro/nanostructured electrodes for high-performance rechargeable batteries

“…86 Meng et al utilized Na-ion-intercalated LiFePO 4 as the active material in the printable ink. 87 Na + ions could permeate the interlayer structure of LiFePO 4 and increase the ion migration rate. The 3D-printed Na-ion-intercalated LiFePO 4 cathode exhibited a capacity of 91.3 mA h g −1 after 2000 cycles.…”

Interface Engineering for 3D Printed Energy Storage Materials and Devices

“…[27,28] Recently, ongoing technological innovations (e.g., cold-trap environment printing, coaxial printing, and multinozzle printing) have also been proven as an efficient means to tune the structures/properties or optimize the fabrication processes for 3D printed ESMDs (3DP-ESMDs). [29][30][31][32] Rational material regulation at both the preprinting and postprinting stages is also beneficial for further improved energy storage capability. [33] Inorganic, organic, and composite nanostructured architectures are representative promising 3D printed candidates that offer impressive features for advanced energy storage, supplementing the field of functional 3D printing.…”