Additive manufacturing of metallic glasses and high-entropy alloys: Significance, unsettled issues, and future directions

Liu, Haishun; Yang, Dengfeng; Jiang, Qi–Chuan; Jiang, Ye; Yang, Weiming; Liu, Lin; Zhang, Lai-Chang

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.09.006

Cited by 34 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 337 publications

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“…At the same time, low scanning speeds (from 400 to 1400 mm/s) and high power (300 W) led to splashing of the remelted powder particles, overburning, and remelting of the substrate (Figure 3), which also contributed to a pronounced increase in the porosity of the alloy. The effect of various parameters on the structure and properties of metallic materials obtained by SLM has been comprehensively discussed elsewhere [47,54,58,59]. In the framework of the present study the main aim of the parameters selecting was primarily associated with obtaining the lowest porosity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In ideal cases, it is possible to obtain metallic parts with almost zero porosity and with mechanical properties which would be close to those of counterparts obtained by more convenient methods (e.g., casting, thermomechanical treatment, and machining). Although there are many parameters which can be varied during SLM [54][55][56], some of them (laser beam power, beam velocity, overlapping, layer thickness, and defocusing) can be combined into energy density imparted to the metallic powder [45,46,57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Behavior of a Medium-Entropy Fe65(CoNi)25Cr9.5C0.5 Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting

et al. 2023

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Specimens of a medium-entropy Fe65(CoNi)25Cr9.5C0.5 (in at.%) alloy were produced using additive manufacturing (selective laser melting, SLM). The selected parameters of SLM resulted in a very high density in the specimens with a residual porosity of less than 0.5%. The structure and mechanical behavior of the alloy were studied under tension at room and cryogenic temperatures. The microstructure of the alloy produced by SLM comprised an elongated substructure, inside which cells with a size of ~300 nm were observed. The as-produced alloy demonstrated high yield strength and ultimate tensile strength (YS = 680 MPa; UTS = 1800 MPa) along with good ductility (tensile elongation = 26%) at a cryogenic temperature (77 K) that was associated with the development of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. At room temperature, the TRIP effect was less pronounced. Consequently, the alloy demonstrated lower strain hardening and a YS/UTS of 560/640 MPa. The deformation mechanisms of the alloy are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Behavior of a Medium-Entropy Fe65(CoNi)25Cr9.5C0.5 Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting

et al. 2023

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“…The use of AM technologies to produce HEAs has gained increasing attention in recent years. Various review papers have been published on this topic, focusing on the corrosion performance, powder manufacturing, specific HEA compositions, specific AM technologies and typical microstructures of HEAs produced using AM [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. It is well known that optimizing the processing parameters can improve the mechanical properties of AM-produced HEAs, including refining the microstructure and enhancing properties through post-processing heat treatment [ 11 ].…”

Section: Additive Manufacturing (Am) Technologies Of High Entropy All...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing Technologies of High Entropy Alloys (HEA): Review and Prospects

2023

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Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have gained considerable attention in recent years as an innovative method to produce high entropy alloy (HEA) components. The unique and excellent mechanical and environmental properties of HEAs can be used in various demanding applications, such as the aerospace and automotive industries. This review paper aims to inspect the status and prospects of research and development related to the production of HEAs by AM technologies. Several AM processes can be used to fabricate HEA components, mainly powder bed fusion (PBF), direct energy deposition (DED), material extrusion (ME), and binder jetting (BJ). PBF technologies, such as selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM), have been widely used to produce HEA components with good dimensional accuracy and surface finish. DED techniques, such as blown powder deposition (BPD) and wire arc AM (WAAM), that have high deposition rates can be used to produce large, custom-made parts with relatively reduced surface finish quality. BJ and ME techniques can be used to produce green bodies that require subsequent sintering to obtain adequate density. The use of AM to produce HEA components provides the ability to make complex shapes and create composite materials with reinforced particles. However, the microstructure and mechanical properties of AM-produced HEAs can be significantly affected by the processing parameters and post-processing heat treatment, but overall, AM technology appears to be a promising approach for producing advanced HEA components with unique properties. This paper reviews the various technologies and associated aspects of AM for HEAs. The concluding remarks highlight the critical effect of the printing parameters in relation to the complex synthesis mechanism of HEA elements that is required to obtain adequate properties. In addition, the importance of using feedstock material in the form of mix elemental powder or wires rather than pre-alloyed substance is also emphasized in order that HEA components can be produced by AM processes at an affordable cost.

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“…Furthermore, it provides a platform to fabricate high-performance alloys with unprecedented mechanical properties due to the non-equilibrium solidification process and the corresponding metastable microstructure [5]. Among the various AM technologies, laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) draws significant interest due to a lower surface roughness and complex geometry for the printed parts [6], making it account for about 85% of the metal AM market share [7]. Till now, L-PBF has been broadly implemented to fabricate a variety of materials, such as titanium alloy [8][9][10][11], nickel-based superalloy [12], aluminum alloy [13,14], magnesium alloy [15], metallic glass [16], and shape memory alloy [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, preparation, and reuse of metallic powders for laser powder bed fusion: a review

Sun,

Chen,

Liu

et al. 2023

Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.

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Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) has attracted significant attention since its inception, providing unprecedented advantages to fabricate metallic components with complex geometry. The quality and performance of as-printed alloys is an intricate function consisting of numerous factors linking the feedstock powders, manufacturing, and post-treatment. As the starting materials, powders play a critical role in influencing the printing consistency, total fabrication cost, and mechanical properties. In consideration of its importance for L-PBF, the present review aims to review the recent progress on metallic powders for L-PBF focusing on powder characterization, powder fabrication, and powder reuse. The methods of powder characterization and fabrication were presented in the beginning by analyzing the principles and corresponding advantages and limitations. Subsequently, the effect of powder reuse on the powder characteristics and mechanical performance of L-PBF parts is analyzed focusing on steels, nickel-based superalloys, Ti and Ti alloys, and Al alloys. The evolution trend of powders and as-printed parts varies for different alloy systems based on the existing studies, which makes the proposal of a unified reuse protocol infeasible. Finally, perspectives are presented to cater to the increasing applications of AM technologies for future investigations. The present state-of-the-art work can pave the way for the broad industrial applications of L-PBF by enhancing printing consistency and reducing the total cost from the perspective of powders.

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Additive manufacturing of metallic glasses and high-entropy alloys: Significance, unsettled issues, and future directions

Cited by 34 publications

References 337 publications

Mechanical Behavior of a Medium-Entropy Fe65(CoNi)25Cr9.5C0.5 Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting

Mechanical Behavior of a Medium-Entropy Fe65(CoNi)25Cr9.5C0.5 Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting

Additive Manufacturing Technologies of High Entropy Alloys (HEA): Review and Prospects

Characterization, preparation, and reuse of metallic powders for laser powder bed fusion: a review

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