Additive manufacturing of green composites: Poly (lactic acid) reinforced with keratin materials obtained from Angora rabbit hair

Flores-Hernández, Cynthia Graciela; Velasco‐Santos, Carlos; Rivera‐Armenta, José Luis; Gómez-Guzmán, O.; Yáñez‐Limón, J. M.; Olivas–Armendáriz, I.; López‐Barroso, Juventino

doi:10.1002/app.50321

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…That is, barbs consisting of the barbules (as hooks or bows) laying out in parallel rows in TFFs can act as the protein-based lightweight high-tech reinforcing fibers in the polymer matrices. The similar keratin-based reinforcement effect in the composites was also recorded in the researches done by Flores-Hernández et al 59,60 That is, thanks to this well ordered comb-like structure, at the proper TFFs loadings (especially 3% and 6%), TFFs presenting in the TPU matrices probably created a considerable influential three-dimensional orientation effect, which brought about relatively more regular arrangements of TPU chains accompanied by better alignments and lower entanglements. Furthermore, this well-arranged structure probably provided the efficient and uniform stress distributions in the matrices.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Development of turkey feather fiber-filled thermoplastic polyurethane composites: Thermal, mechanical, water-uptake, and morphological characterizations

Soykan

2021

Journal of Composite Materials

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This present study centers sensitively on the determination of the effect of natural turkey feather fibers (TFFs) loading on fundamental features (thermal, mechanical, water-uptake, and micro-structural) of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The composites with different TFFs contents (3, 6, 9, and 12 wt.%) were fabricated by the melt blending method using the twin screw extruder and micro-injection molder. The samples were characterized by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), universal mechanical (tensile and hardness) tester, water-uptake, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The thermal analysis depicted that the melting temperatures of the soft and hard segments as well as the crystallinity degree of TPU increased consistently with the increase of TFFs loading level thanks to the formation of better close-packed TPU chains in the matrices. As for the mechanical test results, when compared neat TPU, the tensile strengths were reinforced by 26.8% and 19.7%, and the modulus increased by 6.6% and 45.1% for the composite samples including 3% and 6% of TFFs, respectively. However, drastic diminishment were observed at further contents. Additionally, TFFs loadings brought about gradual increase in the water-uptake capacities of the composites due to the increasing of the number of voids and omnipresent flaws in TPU matrices. The taken SEM images also revealed that, at low contents, there existed the enrichment of interfacial adhesion between TFFs and TPU matrix, whereas the morphological appearance of the composites get worse at high contents accompanied by the formation of micro-structural defects.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Development of turkey feather fiber-filled thermoplastic polyurethane composites: Thermal, mechanical, water-uptake, and morphological characterizations

Soykan

2021

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…Recent advances in manufacturing complex structures can provide new horizons for eco‐composites to overcome major limitations in load‐bearing applications. The 3D printing technology extends enormous potential in the bio‐medical products, such as anatomical prototypes for surgery training/planning, rehabilitation, dentistry, tailored implants, drug delivery equipment, and organ printing 182 . However, the low strength of 3D printed bio‐composite materials is still a challenge, which requires further research to overcome the experienced limitations of the technology 183 .…”

Section: Challenges and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and challenges in sustainability, compatibility, and production of eco‐composites: A state‐of‐art review

Nassar

Alzebdeh

Pervez

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Owing to economic and environmental benefits, new generations of materials/commodities follow “from waste to wealth” strategy. Recently, there has been a huge upsurge in research on the development of eco‐composites using recycled plastic polymers and agro‐residues because the eco‐composites satisfy the stringent environment regulations and are cost‐effective. Herein, we present a detailed review on the potential use of several types of natural fillers as an efficient reinforcement for recycled plastic polymers. In particular, the characterization of different categories of eco‐composites according to their morphological, physical, thermal, and mechanical properties is extensively reviewed and their results are analyzed, compared, and highlighted. Furthermore, a framework to produce functional eco‐composites, which includes functionalization of ingredients, critical issues on microstructural parameters, processing, and fabrication methods, is outlined and supported with sufficient data from the literature. Finally, the review outlines the emerging challenges and future prospects of eco‐composites to be addressed by interested researchers to bridge the gap between research and commercialization of such a class of material. Overall, the acquired knowledge will guide researchers, scientists, and manufacturers to plan, select, and develop various forms of eco‐composites with enhanced properties and optimized production processes.

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“…It is obtained from different common natural sources (wool, chicken feathers and horn) and it has numerous and favorable properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability and mechanical endurance [105]. C. G. Flores-Hernandez et al used ground rabbit hair [106] and the rachis of chicken feathers [107] to reinforce PLA-based composites. Both ground rabbit hair and rachis were pre-treated with NaOH 0.1M to improve interaction between fibers and matrix and extruded with PLA to obtain a filament for the FDM 3D printing processing.…”

Section: Keratinmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Natural Polymers as Reinforcing Agents for 3D Printing

et al. 2021

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, is a group of innovative technologies that are increasingly employed for the production of 3D objects in different fields, including pharmaceutics, engineering, agri-food and medicines. The most processed materials by 3D printing techniques (e.g., fused deposition modelling, FDM; selective laser sintering, SLS; stereolithography, SLA) are polymeric materials since they offer chemical resistance, are low cost and have easy processability. However, one main drawback of using these materials alone (e.g., polylactic acid, PLA) in the manufacturing process is related to the poor mechanical and tensile properties of the final product. To overcome these limitations, fillers can be added to the polymeric matrix during the manufacturing to act as reinforcing agents. These include inorganic or organic materials such as glass, carbon fibers, silicon, ceramic or metals. One emerging approach is the employment of natural polymers (polysaccharides and proteins) as reinforcing agents, which are extracted from plants or obtained from biomasses or agricultural/industrial wastes. The advantages of using these natural materials as fillers for 3D printing are related to their availability together with the possibility of producing printed specimens with a smaller environmental impact and higher biodegradability. Therefore, they represent a “green option” for 3D printing processing, and many studies have been published in the last year to evaluate their ability to improve the mechanical properties of 3D printed objects. The present review provides an overview of the recent literature regarding natural polymers as reinforcing agents for 3D printing.

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Additive manufacturing of green composites: Poly (lactic acid) reinforced with keratin materials obtained from Angora rabbit hair

Cited by 10 publications

References 61 publications

Development of turkey feather fiber-filled thermoplastic polyurethane composites: Thermal, mechanical, water-uptake, and morphological characterizations

Development of turkey feather fiber-filled thermoplastic polyurethane composites: Thermal, mechanical, water-uptake, and morphological characterizations

Progress and challenges in sustainability, compatibility, and production of eco‐composites: A state‐of‐art review

An Overview of Natural Polymers as Reinforcing Agents for 3D Printing

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