Additive manufacturing of graded dielectrics

Roper, David A.; Good, Brandon; McCauley, Raymond; Yarlagadda, Shridhar; Smith, Jared; Good, Austin; Pa, P. S.; Mirotznik, Mark S.

doi:10.1088/0964-1726/23/4/045029

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…42 The power of AM is in its ability to produce zirconia parts with textured anti-reflective surfaces (eg moth-eyelike), which makes these structures attractive for use in hightemperature missile and rocket radomes that are required to protect expensive antennas and electronics from both natural and operational conditions. 43,44 Other applications of this technology include ceramic substrates for transmission lines and antennas, coded apertures for X-ray imaging, passive beam-forming lenses using spatially graded properties, and photonic crystals. Photonic crystals can be produced by printing metamaterial structures with periodic dielectric constant variation.…”

Section: Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ceramic‐particle jetting, as implemented by XJet (Rehovot, Israel), is capable of printing zirconia with dielectric properties (after sintering) suitable for electromagnetic applications 42 . The power of AM is in its ability to produce zirconia parts with textured anti‐reflective surfaces (eg moth‐eye‐like), which makes these structures attractive for use in high‐temperature missile and rocket radomes that are required to protect expensive antennas and electronics from both natural and operational conditions 43,44 . Other applications of this technology include ceramic substrates for transmission lines and antennas, coded apertures for X‐ray imaging, passive beam‐forming lenses using spatially graded properties, and photonic crystals.…”

Section: Application‐specific Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Materials research & measurement needs for ceramics additive manufacturing

2020

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We report on a recent workshop dedicated to additive manufacturing (AM) of ceramics that was held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in November 2019. This two‐day all‐invited meeting brought together experts from industry, government agencies and academia to review the state of the field and identify the most pressing applied materials research and metrology issues which, if addressed, could accelerate the incorporation of AM methods into commercial ceramic manufacturing. Besides the AM technologies, the discussions included consideration of the necessary post‐processing steps. We highlight some of the successes and challenges for the adoption of ceramics AM on an industrial scale, as viewed by the workshop participants. We also propose actions for the ceramic community to facilitate the wider commercialization of these fabrication methods.

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Section: Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application‐specific Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials research & measurement needs for ceramics additive manufacturing

2020

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“… 1 2 There are various additive processes both in the way layers are deposited to create parts and in the materials that are used. 3 Stereolithography (SLA) is the first 3D printing technique, introduced to production systems by Charles W. Hull in 1986. 4 SLA utilizes liquid ultraviolet (UV)-curable photopolymer and a UV light source to build parts of an object based on cross-sectional patterns made by computer design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of 4,4'-bis(N,N-diethylamino) benzophenone on the degree of conversion in liquid photopolymer for dental 3D printing

et al. 2015

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PURPOSEThe purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the effects of adding 4,4'-bis(N,N-diethylamino) benzophenone (DEABP) as a co-initiator to a binary photoinitiating system (camphorquinone-amine) to analyze on the degree of conversion (DC) of a light-cured resin for dental 3D printing.MATERIALS AND METHODSCylindrical specimens (N=60, n=30 per group, ø5 mm × 1 mm) were fabricated using bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA) both with and without DEABP. The freshly mixed resins were exposed to light in a custom-made closed chamber with nine light-emitting diode lamps (wavelength: 405 nm; power: 840 mW/cm2) for polymerization at each incidence of light-irradiation at 10, 30, 60, 180, and 300 seconds, while five specimens at a time were evaluated at each given irradiation point. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to measure the DC values of the resins. Two-way analysis of variance and the Duncan post hoc test were used to analyze statistically significant differences between the groups and given times (α=.05).RESULTSIn the DEABP-containing resin, the DC values were significantly higher at all points in time (P<.001), and also the initial polymerization velocity was faster than in the DEABP-free resin.CONCLUSIONThe addition of DEABP significantly enhanced the DC values and, thus, could potentially become an efficient photoinitiator when combined with a camphorquinone-amine system and may be utilized as a more advanced photopolymerization system for dental 3D printing.

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“…Spatially varied refractive index gradients have been applied in anti-reflective surfaces, passive beamformers and graded index lenses. [210][211][212][213] Conventional technologies, including ion exchange and sol-gel techniques, with common limitations such as long processing times (typically >100 h) and limited component sizes (typically <13 mm), can be overcome by using FGMs and FGSs. [214] Roper et al [210] printed dielectric powders (ECCOSTOCK HiK) on fabric-glass composite substrates (S-glass/cyanate ester fiber reinforced via ultrasonic powder deposition.…”

Section: Photoelectric Properties and Optoelectronics Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Functionally Graded Materials and Structures via Additive Manufacturing: From Multi‐Scale Design to Versatile Functional Properties

Yan

Feng

Liu

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

268

116

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Functionally graded materials (FGMs) and functionally graded structures (FGSs) are special types of advanced composites with peculiar features and advantages. This article reviews the design criteria of functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM), which is capable of fabricating gradient components with versatile functional properties. Conventional geometrical‐based design concepts have limited potential for FGAM and multi‐scale design concepts (from geometrical patterning to microstructural design) are needed to develop gradient components with specific graded properties at different locations. FGMs and FGSs are of great interest to a larger range of industrial sectors and applications including aerospace, automotive, biomedical implants, optoelectronic devices, energy absorbing structures, geological models, and heat exchangers. This review presents an overview of various fabrication ideas and suggestions for future research in terms of design and creation of FGMs and FGSs, benefiting a wide variety of scientific fields.

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Additive manufacturing of graded dielectrics

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Materials research & measurement needs for ceramics additive manufacturing

Materials research & measurement needs for ceramics additive manufacturing

The effect of 4,4'-bis(N,N-diethylamino) benzophenone on the degree of conversion in liquid photopolymer for dental 3D printing

A Review on Functionally Graded Materials and Structures via Additive Manufacturing: From Multi‐Scale Design to Versatile Functional Properties

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