Additive manufacturing of complex micro-architected graphene aerogels

Hensleigh, Ryan; Cui, Huachen; Oakdale, James S.; Ye, Jianchao C.; Campbell, Patrick G.; Duoss, Eric B.; Spadaccini, Christopher M.; Zheng, Xiaoyu; Worsley, Marcus A.

doi:10.1039/c8mh00668g

Cited by 150 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…Figure i shows the Young's modulus of 3D‐printed BHGMs is more than three times higher than the traditional superelastic bulk graphene materials . In addition, the resilience and stability of our ultralight BHGMs are also remarkably better than the previously reported 3D‐printed graphene materials (Table S1, Supporting Information) …”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

3D Printing of Ultralight Biomimetic Hierarchical Graphene Materials with Exceptional Stiffness and Resilience

et al. 2019

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Assembly of lightweight engineering and functional materials with superb mechanical performance, such as high stiffness, super resilience, and stability, is highly demanded to pave ways for their practical applications. [1] However, how to simultaneously achieve both stiffness and resilience in a man-made material at low-density remains a challenging scientific and engineering issue. Biological materials have found their way to achieve outstanding mechanical properties at low density by assembling sophisticate hierarchical structures from microscopic to macroscopic scales, and thus provide inspirations for designing and manufacturing advanced biomimetic materials. [2] Plant materials, such as plant stem [3] and wood, [4] represent an important class of lightweight natural materials with superb mechanical properties. The slender grass stems of Elytrigia repens is a representative natural material with high mechanical performance and lightweight features owing to a specially evolved hierarchical architecture with a macroscopically hollow and microscopically cellular structure. The macroscopically hollow structure combined with the cellular microstructure serves as an excellent force-bearing structure that is conducive to the dispersion of strain and stress, and thus efficiently enhances the stiffness, and resilience and reduce the density, simultaneously. [5] In recent years, the constructions of biomimetic structures have attracted extensive attention because of their potential ability to achieve high mechanical properties and lightweight artificial engineering and functional materials. [6] Despite progresses in the construction of biomimetic structures, the poor mechanical properties at low density remain as a major bottleneck in artificial biomimetic materials, which are mainly due to the lack of appropriate structures at both macro-and microlevels at the same time.The ink-based 3D printing, as a powerful additive manufacturing technique for producing 3D structures both in microscopic and macroscopic scales, [6b,7] shows great potential to assembly materials into 3D hierarchical structures. Additionally, 3D printing displays distinct advantages of high degree of freedom in structure design, which enable the ability to design and construct versatile structures for realizing the Biological materials with hierarchical architectures (e.g., a macroscopic hollow structure and a microscopic cellular structure) offer unique inspiration for designing and manufacturing advanced biomimetic materials with outstanding mechanical performance and low density. Most conventional biomimetic materials only benefit from bioinspired architecture at a single length scale (e.g., microscopic material structure), which largely limits the mechanical performance of the resulting materials. There exists great potential to maxime the mechanical performance of biomimetic materials by leveraging a bioinspired hierarchical structure. An ink-based three-dimensional (3D) printing strategy to manufacture an ultralight biomimetic hierarchical g...

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confidence: 73%

3D Printing of Ultralight Biomimetic Hierarchical Graphene Materials with Exceptional Stiffness and Resilience

et al. 2019

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“…Finer tuning of structural features in additively manufactured graphene‐based materials was recently achieved using a microstereolithography technique. [ 56 ] However, this process suffers from low throughput and high costs.…”

Section: Recent Trends In Freeze‐casting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The additive manufacturing of graphene from graphene oxide inks has been the subject of several studies. [ 56,110 ] These inks, unlike ceramic slurries, contain very low solids contents, and generally consist predominantly of the solvent phase. This results in significant drying stress and shrinkage, which can be mitigated through freeze casting methods to yield stable highly porous structures, post printing, which can then be subjected to further processing such as sintering or infiltration with a second phase, including preceramic polymers.…”

Section: Freeze Casting Materials In New Geometriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freeze Casting: From Low‐Dimensional Building Blocks to Aligned Porous Structures—A Review of Novel Materials, Methods, and Applications

2020

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Freeze casting, also known as ice templating, is a particularly versatile technique that has been applied extensively for the fabrication of well‐controlled biomimetic porous materials based on ceramics, metals, polymers, biomacromolecules, and carbon nanomaterials, endowing them with novel properties and broadening their applicability. The principles of different directional freeze‐casting processes are described and the relationships between processing and structure are examined. Recent progress in freeze‐casting assisted assembly of low dimensional building blocks, including graphene and carbon nanotubes, into tailored micro‐ and macrostructures is then summarized. Emerging trends relating to novel materials as building blocks and novel freeze‐cast geometries—beads, fibers, films, complex macrostructures, and nacre‐mimetic composites—are presented. Thereafter, the means by which aligned porous structures and nacre mimetic materials obtainable through recently developed freeze‐casting techniques and low‐dimensional building blocks can facilitate material functionality across multiple fields of application, including energy storage and conversion, environmental remediation, thermal management, and smart materials, are discussed.

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“…High‐resolution optical patterning via two‐photon polymerization (2PP) is a powerful method for producing hierarchical microarchitectures with nanoscale features. Hensleigh et al used projection micro‐stereolithography (PµSL) to create 3D structures of graphene foams by synthesizing photocurable graphene oxide (GO) 370. The fabricated structures had a hierarchical assembly of microarchitected graphene with structural features from a few micrometers to hundreds of micrometers.…”

Section: Optical Patterningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterial Patterning in 3D Printing

et al. 2020

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The synergistic integration of nanomaterials with 3D printing technologies can enable the creation of architecture and devices with an unprecedented level of functional integration. In particular, a multiscale 3D printing approach can seamlessly interweave nanomaterials with diverse classes of materials to impart, program, or modulate a wide range of functional properties in an otherwise passive 3D printed object. However, achieving such multiscale integration is challenging as it requires the ability to pattern, organize, or assemble nanomaterials in a 3D printing process. This review highlights the latest advances in the integration of nanomaterials with 3D printing, achieved by leveraging mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, or thermal phenomena. Ultimately, it is envisioned that such approaches can enable the creation of multifunctional constructs and devices that cannot be fabricated with conventional manufacturing approaches.

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Additive manufacturing of complex micro-architected graphene aerogels

Abstract: High-resolution 3D printing of intricate graphene aerogel micro-architectures with enhanced mechanical properties at decreasing densities.

Cited by 150 publications

References 46 publications

3D Printing of Ultralight Biomimetic Hierarchical Graphene Materials with Exceptional Stiffness and Resilience

3D Printing of Ultralight Biomimetic Hierarchical Graphene Materials with Exceptional Stiffness and Resilience

Freeze Casting: From Low‐Dimensional Building Blocks to Aligned Porous Structures—A Review of Novel Materials, Methods, and Applications

Nanomaterial Patterning in 3D Printing

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