Additive manufacturing for space: status and promises

Enea, Sacco; Moon, Seung Ki

doi:10.1007/s00170-019-03786-z

Cited by 88 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(56 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Current technologies for additive manufacturing (also known as 3D printing) are mostly developed for on-earth environment, which not only relies on the gravitational force, but also requires minimum vibration/disturbance. However, in many situations, e.g., on space missions where gravity is close to zero [ 71 , 72 ], while on air/sea missions (on-board of airplanes/ships) where severe random vibration is unavoidable, it is very hard to use liquid/powder form of raw materials in 3D printing. Even for volumetric additive manufacturing via tomographic reconstruction [ 73 ], which is one of the recently developed approaches for rapid 3D printing, good accuracy in cross-linking of polymeric liquid is a challenge, if the printing platform is unstable (such as, on air/sea missions) that normal vibration isolation tables cannot handle.…”

Section: Applications Of Vitrimer-like Smps and Their Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitrimer-Like Shape Memory Polymers: Characterization and Applications in Reshaping and Manufacturing

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The shape memory effect (SME) refers to the ability of a material to recover its original shape, but only in the presence of a right stimulus. Most polymers, either thermo-plastic or thermoset, can have the SME, although the actual shape memory performance varies according to the exact material and how the material is processed. Vitrimer, which is between thermoset and thermo-plastic, is featured by the reversible cross-linking. Vitrimer-like shape memory polymers (SMPs) combine the vitrimer-like behavior (associated with dissociative covalent adaptable networks) and SME, and can be utilized to achieve many novel functions that are difficult to be realized by conventional polymers. In the first part of this paper, a commercial polymer is used to demonstrate how to characterize the vitrimer-like behavior based on the heating-responsive SME. In the second part, a series of cases are presented to reveal the potential applications of vitrimer-like SMPs and their composites. It is concluded that the vitrimer-like feature not only enables many new ways in reshaping polymers, but also can bring forward new approaches in manufacturing, such as, rapid 3D printing in solid state on space/air/sea missions.

show abstract

Section: Applications Of Vitrimer-like Smps and Their Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitrimer-Like Shape Memory Polymers: Characterization and Applications in Reshaping and Manufacturing

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the automotive industry, different structural and functional components are successfully manufactured in low series. In the medical industry, medical instruments, artificial hip joints, different implants for reconstructive surgery, and dental crowns and copings are produced [ 143 , 144 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 ].…”

Section: Additive Manufacturing Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Using Critical Raw Materials: A Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The term “critical raw materials” (CRMs) refers to various metals and nonmetals that are crucial to Europe’s economic progress. Modern technologies enabling effective use and recyclability of CRMs are in critical demand for the EU industries. The use of CRMs, especially in the fields of biomedicine, aerospace, electric vehicles, and energy applications, is almost irreplaceable. Additive manufacturing (also referred to as 3D printing) is one of the key enabling technologies in the field of manufacturing which underpins the Fourth Industrial Revolution. 3D printing not only suppresses waste but also provides an efficient buy-to-fly ratio and possesses the potential to entirely change supply and distribution chains, significantly reducing costs and revolutionizing all logistics. This review provides comprehensive new insights into CRM-containing materials processed by modern additive manufacturing techniques and outlines the potential for increasing the efficiency of CRMs utilization and reducing the dependence on CRMs through wider industrial incorporation of AM and specifics of powder bed AM methods making them prime candidates for such developments.

show abstract

“…Semi-crystalline polymers generally excel in terms of chemical resistance, as well as biocompatibility, making them ideal for biomedical applications [ 14 ]. Applications utilizing semi-crystalline feedstock with FFF seek to benefit from these advantages and encompass fields, such as medicine [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], aerospace [ 20 ] and electronics [ 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Extent of Interlayer Bond Strength during Fused Filament Fabrication of Nylon Copolymers: An Interplay between Thermal History and Crystalline Morphology

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the main drawbacks of Fused Filament Fabrication is the often-inadequate mechanical performance of printed parts due to a lack of sufficient interlayer bonding between successively deposited layers. The phenomenon of interlayer bonding becomes especially complex for semi-crystalline polymers, as, besides the extremely non-isothermal temperature history experienced by the extruded layers, the ongoing crystallization process will greatly complicate its analysis. This work attempts to elucidate a possible relation between the degree of crystallinity attained during printing by mimicking the experienced thermal history with Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry, the extent of interlayer bonding by performing trouser tear fracture tests on printed specimens, and the resulting crystalline morphology at the weld interface through visualization with polarized light microscopy. Different printing conditions are defined, which all vary in terms of processing parameters or feedstock molecular weight. The concept of an equivalent isothermal weld time is utilized to validate whether an amorphous healing theory is capable of explaining the observed trends in weld strength. Interlayer bond strength was found to be positively impacted by an increased liquefier temperature and reduced feedstock molecular weight as predicted by the weld time. An increase in liquefier temperature of 40 °C brings about a tear energy value that is three to four times higher. The print speed was found to have a negligible effect. An elevated build plate temperature will lead to an increased degree of crystallinity, generally resulting in about a 1.5 times larger crystalline fraction compared to when printing occurs at a lower build plate temperature, as well as larger spherulites attained during printing, as it allows crystallization to occur at higher temperatures. Due to slower crystal growth, a lower tie chain density in the amorphous interlamellar regions is believed to be created, which will negatively impact interlayer bond strength.

show abstract

Additive manufacturing for space: status and promises

Cited by 88 publications

References 55 publications

Vitrimer-Like Shape Memory Polymers: Characterization and Applications in Reshaping and Manufacturing

Vitrimer-Like Shape Memory Polymers: Characterization and Applications in Reshaping and Manufacturing

Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Using Critical Raw Materials: A Review

The Extent of Interlayer Bond Strength during Fused Filament Fabrication of Nylon Copolymers: An Interplay between Thermal History and Crystalline Morphology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About