Additive manufacturing — A review of 4D printing and future applications

Mitchell, Andrew D.; Lafont, Ugo; Hołyńska, Małgorzata; Semprimoschnig, Christopher

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2018.10.038

Cited by 274 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…C n (cos (ψ)) n [5] All the other proper and improper dihedral angles ϕ, were represented by Eq. 6, and the full list of dihedral parameters is reported in Table V.…”

Section: Computational Methods and Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 More in general, the stimuli-response behavior exhibited by P2VP material, mainly when it is in co-polymer, make it a good candidate for these new "smart" materials for the so-called "4D printing". [4][5][6][7] The P2VP-PS block co-polymers, characterized by the coexistence of polar and non-polar phases, opened new possibilities for ink-free lithography transfer applications. 8 In particular, the polar nature of pyridyl group allows the P2VP units to be functionalized while the PS units serve as rigid glassy scaffolds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

All-Atom Model of Atactic 2-Vinyl Pyridine Polymer: Structural Properties Investigation by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Caputo

Donati

David

et al. 2019

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Atactic poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP) is widely used in several 3D-Printing applications, in blends or, as one of the blocks, in copolymers. Moreover, several applications have been designed by exploiting the stimuli response to the pH shown by P2VP. In this paper we propose an all atom model of P2VP, based on the well-known OPLS-AA force field, which ensures wide compatibility to model complex mixtures and/or interfaces involving P2VP in composite materials. The proposed all-atom model was checked in the reproduction of structural properties and compared with experimental data. Good reproductions of mass density and X-ray scattering pattern confirm the accuracy of the proposed model. ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 82.58.95.26 Downloaded on 2019-06-15 to IP ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 82.58.95.26 Downloaded on 2019-06-15 to IP ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 82.58.95.26 Downloaded on 2019-06-15 to IP

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“…C n (cos (ψ)) n [5] All the other proper and improper dihedral angles ϕ, were represented by Eq. 6, and the full list of dihedral parameters is reported in Table V.…”

Section: Computational Methods and Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Atom Model of Atactic 2-Vinyl Pyridine Polymer: Structural Properties Investigation by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Caputo

Donati

David

et al. 2019

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…As‐prepared products can change from their temporary structures to the initial configurations when exposed to a high temperature environment. Besides motivated by heat, in recent years, 4D printed structures driven by electricity, [ 22,23 ] magnetism, [ 24 − 26 ] pH, [ 27,28 ] solvent, [ 29 − 31 ] light, [ 32,33 ] and biological signals [ 34 ] have also appeared. Although tremendous efforts have been paid in this field, all above‐mentioned 4D printed matters can only show shape‐changing demonstrations, regardless of their changes in properties and the functionality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Material Combination Concept to Realize 4D Printed Products with Newly Emerging Property/Functionality

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advanced Science

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4D printing is a newly emerging technique that shows the capability of additively manufacturing structures whose shape, property, or functionality can controllably vary with time under external stimuli. However, most of the existing 4D printed products only focus on the variation of physical geometries, regardless of controllable changes of their properties, as well as practical functionality. Here, a material combination concept is proposed to construct 4D printed devices whose property and functionality can controllably vary. The 4D printed devices consist of conductive and magnetic parts, enabling the integrated devices to show a piezoelectric property even neither part is piezoelectric individually. Consequently, the functionality of the devices is endowed to transfer mechanical to electrical energy based on the electromagnetic introduction principle. The working mechanism of 4D printed devices is explained by a numerical simulation method using Comsol software, facilitating further optimization of their properties by regulating diverse parameters. Due to the self‐powered, quick‐responding, and sensitive properties, the 4D printed magnetoelectric device could work as pressure sensors to warn illegal invasion. This work opens a new manufacturing method of flexible magnetoelectric devices and provides a new material combination concept for the property‐changed and functionality‐changed 4D printing.

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“…Environmentally‐driven actuation mechanisms are currently attracting some significant interest to design autonomous deploying systems for which low maintenance, cost, and low energy consumptions are paramount. Current efforts in the 4D printing community are mainly dedicated to exploit the use of thermally activated polymers or related composites . Recent research activities have however been focused on the use of electrical actuation to improve the control of the temperature gradient, in particular for continuous carbon fiber 4D printed composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Electro‐Thermo‐Hygro Reversible Shape‐Changing Materials by 4D Printing

Duigou

Chabaud

Scarpa

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Hygromorph composites are moisture-induced shape-changing materials that are increasingly studied to develop autonomously actuated deployable structures. The morphing mechanism is based on the high affinity for moisture and the hygroexpansive nature of at least one component, combined with a bilayer microstructure. Among available hygromorphs, those consisting of cellulosic or hydrogel material-based actuators trigger fast responses to moisture. Their stiffness however decreases significantly with the moisture content and that restricts their potential application as soft actuators. This work proposes a novel 4D printed multistimuli-responsive structural material based on conductive carbon reinforcements and combined with a moisture sensitive polymer. These 4D printed materials possess a microstructure that provides the capability of natural actuators like pine cones. The actuation of these functional materials could be either triggered passively by the variation of the ambient moisture, or by electroheating, with the latter leading to the control of the moisture content in initially wet samples via Joule effects. This new class of functional materials shows an increase of the actuation speed by a factor 10 compared to other existing hygromorphs with the same responsiveness. When the electrical heating is turned off, passive cooling and moisture driven actuation is triggered in a full reversible mode.

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Additive manufacturing — A review of 4D printing and future applications

Cited by 274 publications

References 64 publications

All-Atom Model of Atactic 2-Vinyl Pyridine Polymer: Structural Properties Investigation by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

All-Atom Model of Atactic 2-Vinyl Pyridine Polymer: Structural Properties Investigation by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

A Material Combination Concept to Realize 4D Printed Products with Newly Emerging Property/Functionality

Bioinspired Electro‐Thermo‐Hygro Reversible Shape‐Changing Materials by 4D Printing

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