Additive genetic variation in Pinus radiata bark chemistry and the chemical traits associated with variation in mammalian bark stripping

Nantongo, Judith Ssali; Potts, Brad M.; Davies, Noel W.; Fitzgerald, Hugh; Rodemann, Thomas; O’Reilly-Wapstra, Julianne M.

doi:10.1038/s41437-021-00476-z

Cited by 12 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In this regard, the concept of "chemical heritability" is used to define the ratio of chemical diversity over genetic diversity within a population [34,35]. Chemical heritability recognizes the influence of exogenous factors in bringing about chemical diversity within a population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenoplasticity of Essential Oils from Two Species of Piper (Piperaceae): Comparing Wild Specimens and Bi-Generational Monoclonal Cultivars

Ramos

Felisberto

Gouvêa-Silva

et al. 2022

Plants

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This study tested the hypothesis that “clonal chemical heritability is a crucial factor for the conservation of chemical uniformity of Piper essential oils in controlled monoclonal cultivation”. We asexually propagated first and second-generation clones of two medicinal and aromatic species, Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth and Piper mollicomum Kunth (Piperaceae), for use as experimental models since they show high chemical plasticity in the wild. Leaves from wild specimens of both species, and their respective cultivated specimens, were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus to produce essential oils (EOs). EOs were chemically characterised by GC-MS and GC-FID. The analysis identified 63 compounds in EO of P. mollicomum, which were predominantly monoterpenes, and 59 in EO of P. gaudichaudianum, which were predominantly sesquiterpenes. Evaluation of chemical diversity and oxi-reduction indices showed a loss of chemical homology across the intergenerational cline. Chemometric analysis indicated higher chemical plasticity between wild and intergenerational specimens of P. mollicomum, than for P. gaudichaudianum. EO compounds were significantly less oxidized throughout the generations in both species. Therefore, while clonal heritability is crucial to chemical homology, significant chemical plasticity is likely to occur when cultivated from wild specimens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenoplasticity of Essential Oils from Two Species of Piper (Piperaceae): Comparing Wild Specimens and Bi-Generational Monoclonal Cultivars

Ramos

Felisberto

Gouvêa-Silva

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…The chemical data used in this study were the same as used in Nantongo et al (2021a) . The chemical compounds in the bark, i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In conifers, breeding for resistance against pests and diseases has mainly relied on conventional phenotype-based methods ( Carson 1989 ; Alfaro et al 2004 ) and has been facilitated by quantitative genetic studies that investigate the genetic basis of the resistance mechanisms. Although results from these studies mostly indicate that resistance traits are under genetic control and can respond to selection, the often low narrow-sense heritability estimates for pest resistance (0.02–0.14) and the associated chemical traits (0.07–0.50) can reduce the precision of breeding value predictions of these traits ( Moreira et al 2013 ; Zas et al 2017 ; Nantongo et al 2020 ; Nantongo, Potts, Frickey, et al 2021 ; Nantongo et al 2021a ). In addition, the inherently long generation intervals of trees and high phenotyping costs are always a challenge in tree breeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In radiata pine, selection for pest resistance has mostly been based on conventional approaches involving visual selection and trait screening over several pedigreed generations ( Carson 1989 ; Dungey et al 2009 ). Although there do not appear to be operational breeding programs focused on reducing the susceptibility of radiata pine to herbivory, various quantitative genetic studies have indicated the potential for selection against insects and mammalian bark damage and the associated chemical traits in various radiata pine populations ( Moreira et al 2013 ; Nantongo et al 2020 ; Nantongo, Potts, Davies, et al 2022 ; Nantongo et al 2021a ). However, estimates of the pedigree-based heritabilities (ranging from 0.07 to 0.50) and genetic correlations among marsupial bark stripping and associated chemical traits, which include terpenes, phenolics, and sugars, are usually low to moderate ( Nantongo et al 2020 , 2021a ), suggesting that these traits would possibly benefit from genomic selection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic selection for resistance to mammalian bark stripping and associated chemical compounds in radiata pine

Nantongo

Potts

Klápště

et al. 2022

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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The integration of genomic data into genetic evaluations can facilitate the rapid selection of superior genotypes and accelerate the breeding cycle in trees. In this study, 390 trees from 74 control-pollinated families were genotyped using a 36K Axiom SNP array. A total of 15,624 high-quality SNPs were used to develop genomic prediction models for mammalian bark stripping, tree height and selected primary and secondary chemical compounds in the bark. Genetic parameters from different genomic prediction methods—single-trait best linear unbiased prediction based on a marker-based relationship matrix (GBLUP), multi-trait single-step GBLUP which integrated the marker-based and pedigree-based relationship matrices (ssGBLUP) and the single-trait generalised ridge regression (GRR) - were compared to equivalent single- or multi-trait pedigree-based approaches (ABLUP). The influence of the statistical distribution of data on the genetic parameters was assessed. Results indicated that the heritability estimates were increased nearly 2-fold with genomic models compared to the equivalent pedigree-based models. Predictive accuracy of the ssGBLUP was higher than the ABLUP for most traits. Allowing for heterogeneity in marker effects through the use of GRR did not markedly improve predictive ability over GBLUP, arguing that most of the chemical traits are modulated by many genes with small effects. Overall, the traits with low pedigree-based heritability benefited more from genomic models compared to the traits with high pedigree-based heritability. There was no evidence that data skewness or presence of outliers affected the genomic or pedigree-based genetic estimates.

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“…The bark is stripped from the base of the trees during the early stages of growth [ 43 – 45 ], reducing tree growth rate, distorting stems and, in extreme cases, causing death [ 38 , 42 ]. The levels of bark stripping within plantations may be highly variable and progeny trials have shown a genetic, physical and chemical basis to this variation [ 42 , 46 , 47 ]. Further, chemical profiling in P. radiata shows that needles and bark respond differently to bark stripping and other forms of real and simulated herbivory, mostly by increasing levels of secondary compounds, especially terpenes and phenolics [ 48 , 49 ], and reducing levels of sugars and fatty acids [ 46 , 50 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the transcriptome of the needles and bark of Pinus radiata induced by bark stripping and methyl jasmonate

et al. 2022

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Background Plants are attacked by diverse insect and mammalian herbivores and respond with different physical and chemical defences. Transcriptional changes underlie these phenotypic changes. Simulated herbivory has been used to study the transcriptional and other early regulation events of these plant responses. In this study, constitutive and induced transcriptional responses to artificial bark stripping are compared in the needles and the bark of Pinus radiata to the responses from application of the plant stressor, methyl jasmonate. The time progression of the responses was assessed over a 4-week period. Results Of the 6312 unique transcripts studied, 86.6% were differentially expressed between the needles and the bark prior to treatment. The most abundant constitutive transcripts were related to defence and photosynthesis and their expression did not differ between the needles and the bark. While no differential expression of transcripts were detected in the needles following bark stripping, in the bark this treatment caused an up-regulation and down-regulation of genes associated with primary and secondary metabolism. Methyl jasmonate treatment caused differential expression of transcripts in both the bark and the needles, with individual genes related to primary metabolism more responsive than those associated with secondary metabolism. The up-regulation of genes related to sugar break-down and the repression of genes related with photosynthesis, following both treatments was consistent with the strong down-regulation of sugars that has been observed in the same population. Relative to the control, the treatments caused a differential expression of genes involved in signalling, photosynthesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as defence and water stress. However, non-overlapping transcripts were detected between the needles and the bark, between treatments and at different times of assessment. Methyl jasmonate induced more transcriptional responses in the bark than bark stripping, although the peak of expression following both treatments was detected 7 days post treatment application. The effects of bark stripping were localised, and no systemic changes were detected in the needles. Conclusion There are constitutive and induced differences in the needle and bark transcriptome of Pinus radiata. Some expression responses to bark stripping may differ from other biotic and abiotic stresses, which contributes to the understanding of plant molecular responses to diverse stresses. Whether the gene expression changes are heritable and how they differ between resistant and susceptible families identified in earlier studies needs further investigation.

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Additive genetic variation in Pinus radiata bark chemistry and the chemical traits associated with variation in mammalian bark stripping

Cited by 12 publications

References 66 publications

Phenoplasticity of Essential Oils from Two Species of Piper (Piperaceae): Comparing Wild Specimens and Bi-Generational Monoclonal Cultivars

Phenoplasticity of Essential Oils from Two Species of Piper (Piperaceae): Comparing Wild Specimens and Bi-Generational Monoclonal Cultivars

Genomic selection for resistance to mammalian bark stripping and associated chemical compounds in radiata pine

Analysis of the transcriptome of the needles and bark of Pinus radiata induced by bark stripping and methyl jasmonate

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