Additive Effects of Iodine and Thiourea in the Treatment of Hyperthyroidism 1

Danowski, T. S.; Man, Evelyn B.; Winkler, Alexander W.

doi:10.1172/jci101742

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although this type of experi¬ ment should have been carried out with a pure bred strain of dog and not with mongrels, as in the present case, these results corroborate those reported in the literature to the effect that complete thyroidectomy does not produce dwarfism in puppies [Dye & Maugham, 1929;Binswanger, 1936]. This lack of any outward manifestation of thyroid deficiency on feeding thiouracil to dogs has also been reported by Danowski, Man & Winkler [1946], who fed three adult dogs with thiouracil or thiourea for 28-40 weeks, and by Mayer [1947], who fed two litters of beagle puppies with 6-w-propyl thiouracil for 5|-6 months. Histology.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of the Administration of Thiouracil to Dogs

Glock¹

1949

Journal of Endocrinology

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It has been previously shown [Glock, 1944] that rats fed thiourea or thiouracil develop adrenal cortical deficiency in the terminal stages. Gross histological changes were observed in the adrenal cortex and growth of the animals could be restored by injecting adrenal cortex extract. To obtain confirmatory evidence and to determine whether this effect was the result of functional thyroidectomy or of a direct action of the goitrogenic drug on the adrenal cortex, it was decided to use dogs as experimental animals. The degree of hypothyroidism could also be followed more easily than in rats. METHODS General dietThe dogs were fed on a diet consisting of dog biscuits 53 %, meat 38 %, whole milk powder 5 %, dried yeast 2 % and cod-liver oil 2 %, moistened with sufficient water to bind the ingredients. They were fed once daily in the morning. Water was allowed ad lib. The dogs receiving thiouracil had 0\m=.\1 % of the drug mixed in the diet. They were weighed twice weekly.Exper. 1. A fitter of five 8-week-old puppies (nos. 7-11) was used. Two (one female and one male) were given the control diet and three (two female and one male) the diet containing thiouracil. Total serum cholesterol estimations were carried out at intervals and the animals killed after 8 months on the diet. At autopsy, the pituitary, adrenals, kidneys, liver, spleen, pancreas, thymus, lung, and ovary or testis were removed and examined histologically. Of the two thyroid lobes, one was used for histological examination and for estimation of the total iodine content and the other for the determination of the respiration rate of tissue slices.Exper. 2. Six adult male dogs (nos. 1-6), two on the control diet and four on the diet containing thiouracil, were used. Blood analyses were carried out at intervals, namely Hb, urea N, serum Na and K, and blood volume, to detect any adrenal cortex deficiency, and total serum cholesterol as an indication of the degree of hypothy¬ roidism.' A few weeks before the animals were killed, metabolic rate determinations were carried out and an extra dog (no. 13) put on the control diet to use for this purpose. The dogs were killed after 14 months on the diet and various organs examined histologically as in Exp. 1. Total and thyroxine iodine were determined in the thyroid and total iodine in the liver.Methods of estimation Blood urea nitrogen.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of the Administration of Thiouracil to Dogs

Glock¹

1949

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…First, it is possible that the number of toxic reactions may be minimized. Although in the studies reported in this paper no untoward reactions were encountered, drug fever developed in 2 patients in a previous series (2). Second, the smaller the dose employed, the less is the probability of the development of hypothyroidism.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…In a previous paper (2), the additive effects of iodine and thiourea in the larger doses, 280 or 210 mgm. daily, were demonstrated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Minimum Dosage of Thiourea, Given Together With Iodine Medication, Necessary for the Production and Maintenance of a Remission in Hyperthyroidism 1

Winkler¹,

Man²,

Danowski³

1947

J. Clin. Invest.

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It has been shown that thiourea in amounts smaller than those recommended for thiouracil can produce a satisfactory remission in hyperthyroidism (1). The thyroid-depressant effect is enhanced if thiourea is used in combination with strong solution of iodine (2, 3, 4). The administration of these two substances together results in a more rapid and more profound drop in the concentration of serum precipitable iodine than that observed with thiourea alone. Symptoms and signs of thyroid overactivity disappear along with or soon after the fall in serum precipitable iodine. Continued administration of thiourea, however, in the dosage initially used to produce a remission (280 to 210 mgm. daily) -ultimately results in hypothyroidism in a number of patients. Ingestion of desiccated thyroid is followed by disappearance of the hypothyroidism and the serum precipitable iodine concentration returns to normal.These facts suggest that the dosage initially employed was unnecessarily large. The present study arose from an attempt to avoid hypothyroidism by the use of the minimum effective dose of thiourea. To determine the magnitude of this, the effects of small doses of thiourea, 0.075 to 0.015 gram daily, together with iodine solution in inducing and maintaining a remission in hyperthyroidism have been studied. Results obtained with iodine medication alone, and those with amounts of thiourea greater than 0.075 gram are included for purposes of comparison. MATERIALS AND METHODSData are presented on 4 groups of hyperthyroid subjects, some with diffuse goiter and some with adenomata. With but few exceptions the patients were not hospitalized. The diagnosis of thyroid overactivity was based primarily upon the presence of a concentration of serum 'Aided by a grant from the Fluid Research Fund,

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Current Methods of Treating Thyrotoxicosis

Beierwaltes

Sturgis

1949

Medical Clinics of North America

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Additive Effects of Iodine and Thiourea in the Treatment of Hyperthyroidism 1

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of the Administration of Thiouracil to Dogs

Effects of the Administration of Thiouracil to Dogs

Minimum Dosage of Thiourea, Given Together With Iodine Medication, Necessary for the Production and Maintenance of a Remission in Hyperthyroidism 1

Current Methods of Treating Thyrotoxicosis

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