Additive antibacterial activity of naringenin and antibiotic combinations against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Adhikari

BioMed Research International

et al. 2021

Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd is a profoundly used traditional medicinal plant in Asia. Previous studies conducted in this plant are more confined to extract level. Even though bioassay-based studies indicated the true therapeutic potential of this plant, compound annotation was not performed extensively. This research is aimed at assessing the bioactivity of different solvent extracts of the plant followed by annotation of its phytoconstituents. Liquid chromatography equipped with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is deployed for the identification of secondary metabolites in various crude extracts. On activity level, its ethanolic extract showed the highest inhibition towards α-amylase and α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 67.8 ± 1 μg/mL and 10.3 ± 0.1 μg/mL respectively, inspected through the substrate-based method. On the other hand, the plant extract showed an antioxidant activity of 23.76 ± 1.57 μg/mL, measured through radical scavenging activity. Similarly, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of A. catechu showed significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of inhibition (ZoI) of 13 and 14 mm, respectively. With the LC-HRMS-based dereplication strategy, we have identified 28 secondary metabolites belonging to flavonoid and phenolic categories. Identification of these metabolites from A. catechu and its biological implication also support the community-based usage of this plant and its medicinal value.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

LC-HRMS Profiling and Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd

Adhikari

BioMed Research International

et al. 2021

“…It is important to note that there are works related to the flavonoid naringenin that describe its antibacterial potential against the bacteria S. aureus [ 61 ]. In a broth dilution assay, naringenin, when combined with an antibiotic, had considerably increased antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains [ 62 ]. In addition, this compound presented antibiofilm properties, and the probable mechanism of action that leads to inhibition of S. aureus occurs through the rupture of the bacterium’s cytoplasmic membrane and binding to its genomic DNA [ 63 , 64 ].…”

Section: Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic Compounds in Bacterial Inactivation: A Perspective from Brazil

Kauffmann

Castro

2023

Antibiotics

Phenolic compounds are natural substances that are produced through the secondary metabolism of plants, fungi, and bacteria, in addition to being produced by chemical synthesis. These compounds have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, among others. In this way, Brazil represents one of the most promising countries regarding phenolic compounds since it has a heterogeneous flora, with the presence of six distinct biomes (Cerrado, Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Pantanal, and Pampa). Recently, several studies have pointed to an era of antimicrobial resistance due to the unrestricted and large-scale use of antibiotics, which led to the emergence of some survival mechanisms of bacteria to these compounds. Therefore, the use of natural substances with antimicrobial action can help combat these resistant pathogens and represent a natural alternative that may be useful in animal nutrition for direct application in food and can be used in human nutrition to promote health. Therefore, this study aimed to (i) evaluate the phenolic compounds with antimicrobial properties isolated from plants present in Brazil, (ii) discuss the compounds across different classes (flavonoids, xanthones, coumarins, phenolic acids, and others), and (iii) address the structure–activity relationship of phenolic compounds that lead to antimicrobial action.

“…Naringenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone, with the molecular formula C 15 H 12 O 5 and a molecular weight of 272.25 g/mol) is a plant bioflavonoid that is naturally found in citrus fruits (up to 10% of its dry weight) [ 4 ], it contains two benzene rings linked together with a heterocyclic pyrone ring [ 5 , 6 ]. Hesperidin (hesperetin 7-rutinoside), a flavanone glycoside, is isolated from citrus fruit with a content of about 3%, and has the molecular formula C 28 H 34 O 15 and a molecular weight of 610.56 g/mol [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrus Naringenin Increases Neuron Survival in Optic Nerve Crush Injury Model by Inhibiting JNK-JUN Pathway

Chen

Yang

et al. 2021

IJMS

Traumatic nerve injury activates cell stress pathways, resulting in neuronal death and loss of vital neural functions. To date, there are no available neuroprotectants for the treatment of traumatic neural injuries. Here, we studied three important flavanones of citrus components, in vitro and in vivo, to reveal their roles in inhibiting the JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase)-JUN pathway and their neuroprotective effects in the optic nerve crush injury model, a kind of traumatic nerve injury in the central nervous system. Results showed that both neural injury in vivo and cell stress in vitro activated the JNK-JUN pathway and increased JUN phosphorylation. We also demonstrated that naringenin treatment completely inhibited stress-induced JUN phosphorylation in cultured cells, whereas nobiletin and hesperidin only partially inhibited JUN phosphorylation. Neuroprotection studies in optic nerve crush injury mouse models revealed that naringenin treatment increased the survival of retinal ganglion cells after traumatic optic nerve injury, while the other two components had no neuroprotective effect. The neuroprotection effect of naringenin was due to the inhibition of JUN phosphorylation in crush-injured retinal ganglion cells. Therefore, the citrus component naringenin provides neuroprotection through the inhibition of the JNK-JUN pathway by inhibiting JUN phosphorylation, indicating the potential application of citrus chemical components in the clinical therapy of traumatic optic nerve injuries.