Additive and nonadditive differences in milk production of 2-year-old Devon, Hereford and reciprocal-cross heifers

Johnston, David; Thompson, J. M.; Hammond, Keith

doi:10.1016/0301-6226(94)00047-b

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The estimate of 5.5% observed in this study was within the range of 2.76 to 14.5% reported for beef cattle by Marshall et al (1976), Gregory et al (1992), and Kress et al (1992). Johnston et al (1995) reported an average 32% heterosis for Cow MY (Butson and Berg, 1984;Mezzadra et al, 1989;McCarter et al, 1991). With heterozygosity of the calf affecting calf growth, an effect of heterosis of the calf on Calf MY would be expected.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Genetic relationships among direct and maternal components of milk yield and maternal weaning gain in a multibreed beef herd.

Miller

Wilton

1999

Journal of Animal Science

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Data spanning 1980 to 1993 from a multibreed beef herd including primarily eight breeds (Angus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Maine-Anjou, Pinzgauer, Simmental, and Tarentaise) were used to obtain 2,207 records on 200-d weaning gain (WG) and 1,826 records on 200-d milk yield (MY), obtained by machine milking after oxytocin injection. Estimates of (co)variances for the two traits (WG and MY) were obtained with REML with breed of calf, breed of cow, and heterotic effects modeled for the two traits. Animal effects of calf (CalfWG, CalfMY) and cow (CowWG, CowMY) contributions to each trait were modeled including 2,926 animals. The permanent environmental effect of the cow was modeled for MY, with 693 levels. Estimates of breed differences were generally similar to literature estimates. Simmental, Charolais, and Maine-Anjou were highest for CalfWG, and Tarentaise, Simmental, Gelbvieh, and Maine-Anjou were highest for CowMY. Heterosis was estimated at 8.00, 2.58, 4.05, and 5.50% of the mean for CalfWG, CowWG, CalfMY, and CowMy, respectively. Variance attributable to repeated records on CowMy represented 9% of phenotypic variance. Heritabilities estimated were .22 and .24 for CalfWG and CowWG and .04 and .35 for CalfMY and CowMY. Genetic correlations estimated between CalfWG and CowWG and between CalfMY and CowMY were -.35 and -.64, respectively. A genetic correlation between CowWG and CowMY of .76 indicates that maternal weaning gain evaluations are a good predictor of a cow's potential for milk yield.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Genetic relationships among direct and maternal components of milk yield and maternal weaning gain in a multibreed beef herd.

Miller

Wilton

1999

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Furthermore, the superiority of the crossbred over the backcross chicken could be attributed to the additive and nonadditive gene effects of crossbreeding. Johnson et al [15] in their study reported that the crossing of different breeds allows the farmer to make use of additive and non-additive genetic differences among the breeds to increase production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Egg Hatchability and Early Growth Performance of Cross and Backcross Involving Nigeria Fulani Ecotype and Isa Brown Chickens

2020

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An experiment was carried out to study the egg hatchability and growth performance of crossbred chickens involving Fulani ecotype (E) and Isa brown (B) chickens and their backcross using artificial insemination method of mating. The F1 progeny, the crossbred (EB), was produced by crossing E (sire) with B (dam) while the first backcross (BEB) was achieved using the B (sire) and the EB (dam). The second backcross (EBB) was carried out by mating the EB (sire) and the B (dam). A total of 35 birds were used as foundation stock (five E males, five B males and 25 B female chickens) to produce 137 EB crossbred chickens and 187 backcross chickens (98 EEB chickens and 89 BEB chickens). Weekly body weight and daily feed intake were obtained on the progenies generated from the mating for a period of 20 weeks. Other parameters like weight gain, feed conversion ratio, percentage fertility, hatchability and percentage dead shell were calculated from the data. The results revealed that the growth performance was affected by genotype. The EB chickens obtained the highest body weight across the weeks (37.6 to 1169 g) and the backcross chickens had the highest fertility (76.2%) and hatchability (83.2%). Therefore, it could be concluded that crosses between the Fulani ecotype and Isa brown chickens had the best growth performance and improved fertility while the backcross sired by the F1 had better performance when hatchability is considered.

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Improving the pre-weaning nutrition of calves by supplementation of the cow and/or the calf while grazing low quality pastures. 2. Calf growth, carcass yield and eating quality

Hennessy¹,

Morris²,

Allingham³

2001

Aust. J. Exp. Agric.

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Tender, juicy and flavoursome are desirable meat traits in the grading system of Meat Standards Australia. There are 3 critical growth phases affecting these traits in domestic trade cattle: birth to weaning (phase I), weaning to feedlot entry (phase II), and feedlot finishing (phase III). In the study reported in this paper we examined the effects of supplementary feeding of cows and/or calves in phase I on calf growth rate during each of the 3 growth phases and assessed whether differences in early growth were recorded in carcass weights and meat quality at slaughter (16.5 months old). The calves were weaned on to high quality pastures (phase II) and then finished in a feedlot on a grain-based diet (phase III). One-hundred Hereford cows with Angus-sired calves, and 24 Hereford cows, with Hereford-sired calves were allocated to treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial study of calf growth rate during phase I. The treatments consisted of nil or 4.2 kg twice-a-week of cottonseed meal to the cows for 145 days from calving to mid-lactation, and calves either had access to a high protein barley-based supplement in a ‘creep’ from 75, or from 150 days old until weaning. There were 4 replicate groups for each treatment during phase I with 24 paddocks. Weaners were grazed as a single herd during phase II of the study and separated into 10 feedlot pens in phase III. At slaughter, after phase III, M. longissimus et laborum muscle was sampled from half the carcasses and graded by a taste panel according to Meat Standards Australia. Calves, suckled by cottonseed meal-supplemented cows, were heavier at weaning than those calves suckled by non-supplemented cows (201 v. 170 kg; phase I) with a trend for younger calves with access to ‘creep’ feeding (from 75 days old) to be heavier than calves without access to ‘creep’ feed (196 v. 175 kg). During phase II, liveweight change was higher for weaners from non-supplemented cows than for weaners from supplemented cows (679 v. 593 g/day). During phase III this trend was reversed in favour of weaners from cottonseed meal-supplemented cows (1.54 v. 1.46 kg/day). Similarly, carcasses of calves from cottonseed meal-supplemented cows were also heavier than other carcasses from other calves (226 v. 212 kg) with a greater depth of rib fat (7.0 v. 5.8 mm). In contrast to carcass weight, M. longissimus et laborum muscle samples from calves which did not have access to supplement during phase I were assessed as being more tender, more flavoursome and having a higher overall Meat Standards Australia score than M. longissimus et laborum muscle from calves that had access to supplements. The carryover effects of nutrition from the preweaning growth phase of calves highlight the importance of early life nutrition for achieving higher carcass weights and meat quality. However, the findings that M. longissimus et laborum samples from calves with lower growth rates before weaning were more tender and graded higher than samples from calves with higher growth rates was both unexpected and unexplained.

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Additive and nonadditive differences in milk production of 2-year-old Devon, Hereford and reciprocal-cross heifers

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Genetic relationships among direct and maternal components of milk yield and maternal weaning gain in a multibreed beef herd.

Genetic relationships among direct and maternal components of milk yield and maternal weaning gain in a multibreed beef herd.

Egg Hatchability and Early Growth Performance of Cross and Backcross Involving Nigeria Fulani Ecotype and Isa Brown Chickens

Improving the pre-weaning nutrition of calves by supplementation of the cow and/or the calf while grazing low quality pastures. 2. Calf growth, carcass yield and eating quality

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