Additive–additive interaction: an XPS study of the effect of ZDDP on the AW/EP characteristics of molybdenum based additives

Unnikrishnan, R.; Jain, M. C.; Harinarayan, A.K; Mehta, A. K.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(01)00865-1

Cited by 108 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…12 and are typically about 10-40 nm across and 1-2 nm thick, suggesting that they are the MoS 2 nanosheets identified by Grossiord. XPS and Raman have subsequently become widely used tools to study organo-molybdenum additive tribofilms [145][146] Figure 12. AFM lateral force map of surface rubbed in MoDTC solution showing low (dark) lateral force nanosheets [144] A recurrent theme in the literature is the existence of a "synergy" between MoDTC and ZDDP, where a combination of both types of additive in solution gives lower friction than MoDTC alone and/or lower wear than ZDDP alone [137] [147][148][149][150][151].…”

Section: Research On Oil-soluble Molybdenum Fmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction Modifier Additives

2015

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The need for energy efficiency is leading to the growing use of additives that reduce friction in thin film boundary and mixed lubrication conditions. Several classes of such friction modifier additive exist, the main ones being organic friction modifiers, functionalised polymers, soluble organo-molybdenum additives and dispersed nanoparticles. All work in different ways. This paper reviews these four main types of lubricant friction modifier additive and outlines their history, research and the mechanisms by which they are currently believed to function. Aspects of their behaviour that are still not yet fully understood are highlighted.

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Section: Research On Oil-soluble Molybdenum Fmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction Modifier Additives

2015

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“…Figure S10 shows the Raman spectrum obtained from the MoDTC additive concentrate. 18 . These chemical species were previously identified using XPS.…”

Section: Influence Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

New insights on the decomposition mechanism of Molybdenum DialkyldiThioCarbamate (MoDTC): a Raman spectroscopic study

2016

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“…ZDDPs, their reaction products, and AW films have been studied by many analytical techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [7,8], Auger electron spectroscopy [8][9][10][11], and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy [12][13][14][15][16][17]. The AW films generated from ZDDP have been found to contain varying amounts of zinc, phosphorous, oxygen, sulphur and iron.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on ZDDP Anti-Wear Films Formed Under Different Conditions by XANES Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and 31P NMR

Pereira

Kasrai

et al. 2007

Tribol Lett

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Antiwear (AW) films, generated from a mineral base oil containing a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) additive, were studied as a function of formation temperature, load and rubbing time. The surface morphology of these films was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and surface roughness calculated for the observed differing surface morphologies. The morphology of the films is heterogeneous for all the tested conditions, but the surface roughness is dependent on the rubbing condition. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has been used to characterize the chemistry of these films, and the intensity of the phosphorus K-edge was also used to monitor their thickness. The thickness of these films is in the range of 10-90 nm depending on the running conditions. Phosphorus L-edge spectra show that these films have a similar chemical nature with variable polyphosphate chain-lengths. 31P NMR was used to study the decomposition of ZDDP in the residual oils. The spectra show that the primary and secondary ZDDP react differently under the various conditions. The tribological characteristics of these AW films were probed by measuring the coefficients of friction (l) and the wear scar width (WSW) of the counter faces. l is highly related to the applied load and the results of WSW measurements show that the wear performance is related to all the tested parameters, temperature, load and rubbing time.

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Additive–additive interaction: an XPS study of the effect of ZDDP on the AW/EP characteristics of molybdenum based additives

Cited by 108 publications

References 18 publications

Friction Modifier Additives

Friction Modifier Additives

New insights on the decomposition mechanism of Molybdenum DialkyldiThioCarbamate (MoDTC): a Raman spectroscopic study

Studies on ZDDP Anti-Wear Films Formed Under Different Conditions by XANES Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and 31P NMR

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