Abstract:Some corrections and additions to the recently published Mites of Australia: A Checklist and Bibliography are briefly summarised. The most important name changes are in the spider mite family Tetranychidae. The species previously identified in Australia as Allonychus braziliensis (McGregor) is shown to be Tetranychus gloveri Banks. Bryobia cristata (Dugès) is a junior synonym of Bryobia graminum (Schrank). Bryobia repensi Manson is a junior synonym of Bryobia vasiljevi Rekk. Oligonychus biharensis (Hirst) has … Show more
“…data) and represent new species records for Australia (cf. Halliday 1998Halliday , 2000. All mites were collected by suction using a Stihl SH55 blower vacuum (Andreas Stihl AG & Co. KG, Waiblingen, Germany) and placed in plastic containers with paper toweling and vegetation.…”
Section: Shade-house Experimentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…have become more prominent as pests over the last few decades and are found in Australia throughout the winter growing season from March to November. Four species of the genus Bryobia have been recorded in Australia (Halliday 1998(Halliday , 2000, from *130 species described worldwide (Bolland et al 1998). The majority of species within the genus Bryobia reproduce by parthenogenesis, with males identified from only a few species (Norton et al 1993;Weeks and Breeuwer 2001); this, along with the lack of suitable morphological characters, makes the taxonomy of these mites difficult (Ros et al 2008).…”
Balaustium medicagoense and Bryobia spp. have recently been identified as emerging pests of winter crops and pastures in Australia. These mites have a high natural tolerance to currently registered pesticides, highlighting the need to develop alternative control strategies such as cultural controls which require an understanding of plant associations. In shade-house experiments, Bryobia spp. survived and reproduced successfully on pasture, lupins and oats, but progeny failed to reach the adult stage on canola and wheat. Balaustium medicagoense progeny failed to produce a generation on any crop but parental adults survived a few months on all crops, particularly wheat. Bryobia spp. damaged canola, pasture and lupins, but caused minimal damage to oats and wheat, whereas Ba. medicagoense caused considerable damage to wheat and lupins, but only moderate damage to canola, oats and pasture. Field survey data, taken from approximately 450 sites across southern Australia, combined with analysis of historical pest reports, suggest broadleaf crops such as canola, lucerne, lupins and weeds appear particularly susceptible to attack by Bryobia species. Balaustium medicagoense was more commonly found on cereals and grasses, although they also attacked broadleaf crops, particularly canola, lucerne and lupins. These findings show that the mites have the potential to be an important pest on several winter grain crops and pasture, but there are important differences that can assist in management strategies such as targeted crop rotations.
“…data) and represent new species records for Australia (cf. Halliday 1998Halliday , 2000. All mites were collected by suction using a Stihl SH55 blower vacuum (Andreas Stihl AG & Co. KG, Waiblingen, Germany) and placed in plastic containers with paper toweling and vegetation.…”
Section: Shade-house Experimentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…have become more prominent as pests over the last few decades and are found in Australia throughout the winter growing season from March to November. Four species of the genus Bryobia have been recorded in Australia (Halliday 1998(Halliday , 2000, from *130 species described worldwide (Bolland et al 1998). The majority of species within the genus Bryobia reproduce by parthenogenesis, with males identified from only a few species (Norton et al 1993;Weeks and Breeuwer 2001); this, along with the lack of suitable morphological characters, makes the taxonomy of these mites difficult (Ros et al 2008).…”
Balaustium medicagoense and Bryobia spp. have recently been identified as emerging pests of winter crops and pastures in Australia. These mites have a high natural tolerance to currently registered pesticides, highlighting the need to develop alternative control strategies such as cultural controls which require an understanding of plant associations. In shade-house experiments, Bryobia spp. survived and reproduced successfully on pasture, lupins and oats, but progeny failed to reach the adult stage on canola and wheat. Balaustium medicagoense progeny failed to produce a generation on any crop but parental adults survived a few months on all crops, particularly wheat. Bryobia spp. damaged canola, pasture and lupins, but caused minimal damage to oats and wheat, whereas Ba. medicagoense caused considerable damage to wheat and lupins, but only moderate damage to canola, oats and pasture. Field survey data, taken from approximately 450 sites across southern Australia, combined with analysis of historical pest reports, suggest broadleaf crops such as canola, lucerne, lupins and weeds appear particularly susceptible to attack by Bryobia species. Balaustium medicagoense was more commonly found on cereals and grasses, although they also attacked broadleaf crops, particularly canola, lucerne and lupins. These findings show that the mites have the potential to be an important pest on several winter grain crops and pasture, but there are important differences that can assist in management strategies such as targeted crop rotations.
“…IX (following the notation of Ros et al (2008)). In Australia, there are four morphologically described species of Bryobia mites recorded; these include B. praetiosa, B. rubrioculus, B. kissophila and B. graminum (Halliday 1998(Halliday , 2000. However, the Bryobia species in this study represent new species that have not been previously described in Australia.…”
Section: Seasonal Abundance Patterns and Life Cyclementioning
confidence: 71%
“…The genus includes~130 morphologically described species (Bolland et al 1998), with four species recorded in Australia (Halliday 1998(Halliday , 2000; however, recent molecular data have indicated additional species (A Arthur unpubl. data 2010).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In Australia, four Bryobia species have been morphologically identified (Halliday 1998(Halliday , 2000; however, recent molecular data has indicated an additional six species previously unrecognised (A Arthur unpubl. data 2010).…”
Balaustium medicagoense and Bryobia spp. have recently been identified by the Australian grains industry as emerging pests of winter grain crops and pastures. While reports of damage by these mites appear to have increased in the last decade, limited research has been conducted on their biology and ecology. Here the distribution and seasonal abundance patterns of Bryobia spp. and Ba. medicagoense in southern Australia are investigated. Bryobia spp. had a more widespread distribution than Ba. medicagoense. An Ecological Niche Model for the distribution of Ba. medicagoense constructed using MAXENT predicted the distribution of this species well, and identified associated climatic factors including summer and winter temperature variables and winter precipitation. Monthly sampling suggested that Ba. medicagoense had two generations per year and was active from March until December, with a likely diapause period in summer. The seasonal abundance and life cycle of two species of Bryobia (Bryobia sp. IX and Bryobia sp. I) differed. Bryobia sp. IX had two generations per year, was active from March until December, and was likely to be in diapause over summer. Bryobia sp. I did not appear to have a diapause stage, and had approximately four generations per year. Activity periods of these mites overlapped with those of the pest mite species Halotydeus destructor and Penthaleus major. A survey of pest outbreaks and chemical control failures suggested that while H. destructor and the Penthaleus species remained important pests, outbreaks of Ba. medicagoense and Bryobia spp. had increased. The findings highlight the need to develop effective and sustainable management strategies for these mites.
BACKGROUND: Bryobia (Koch) mites belong to the economically important spider mite family, the Tetranychidae, with >130 species described worldwide. Due to taxonomic difficulties and most species being asexual, species identification relies heavily on genetic markers. Multiple putative Bryobia mite species have been identified attacking pastures and grain crops in Australia. In this study, we collected 79 field populations of Bryobia mites and combined these with 134 populations that were collected previously. We characterised taxonomic variation of mites using 28S rDNA amplicon-based DNA metabarcoding using nextgeneration sequencing approaches and direct Sanger sequencing. We then undertook species distribution modelling of the main genetic lineages and examined the chemical responses of multiple field populations.RESULTS: We identified 47 unique haplotypes across all mites sampled that grouped into four distinct genetic lineages. These lineages have different distributions, with three of the four putative lineages showing different climatic envelopes, as inferred from species distribution modelling. Bryobia mite populations also showed different responses to a widely used insecticide (the organophosphate, omethoate), but not to another chemical (the pyrethroid, bifenthrin) when examined using laboratory bioassays.CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that cryptic diversity is likely to complicate the formulation of management strategies for Bryobia mites. Although focussed on Australia, this study demonstrates the challenges of studying Bryobia and highlights the importance of further research into this complex group of mites across the world.
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