Additional Velocity of Sound Measurements in Wet Steam

England, W. G.; Firey, J. C.; Trapp, O. E.

doi:10.1021/i260018a017

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The compression velocities displayed good agreement with those reported in Ref. 16. Both types of waves showed increasing velocities with increasing wave amplitude in this vapor continuous media.…”

Section: B Annular and Droplet Flowssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The measurements, which were taken at system pressures of 15 and 45 psia and for qualities between 0.10 and 1.0, show the velocities to be essentially equal to the propagation speed in slightly superheated vapor ('u 1500 fps) and independent of the quality. England jet al 16 refined the above experiment such that only fog (droplet) flows were generated.…”

Section: B Annular and Droplet Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pressure-Pulse Propagation in Two-Phase One- And Two-Component Mixtures.

Henry¹,

Grolmes²,

Fauske³

1971

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One-dimensional Model of Wave Propagation 18 2. Comparison of Homogeneous Frozen and Homogeneous Equilibrium Model with Data of Ref. 11 for Pressure-pulse Propagation in Steam-Water Mixtures 26 3. Comparison of Homogeneous Frozen and Homogeneous Equilibrium Model with Data of Ref. 12 for Pressure-pulss Propagation in Steam-Water Mixtures 27 4. Illustration of Simple Separated-flow Regimes. 34 5. Illustration of (a) Possible Nonuniform Propagation and (b) Resulting Wave Form for a Simple Stratified Media ...... 34 6. Approximate Wave Form Employed to Describe Momentum Transfer in Wavy Annular Flow 37 7. Gas and Liquid Elements in (a) a Slug-flow Pattern and (b) Idealized Slug-flow Model. 42 8. Pressure Response of Gas Element in Slug Flow to Step Change Ahead of Liquid Element 45 9. Experimental Facility 49 10. Mixer Section for Experimental Facility 50 11. Test Section for Experimental Facility 51 12. Photo of Transducer, Oscilloscope, and Charge Amplifier ... 53 l.'j. Sample Oscilloscope Traces for Steaa-Water Compression and Rarefaction Pulses. 54 14. Correlation of Air-Water Data at Various Pressures ..... 55 15. Comparison of the Proposed Correlation and the Steam-Water Data 56 16. Comparison of the Frontal Velocities for Compression and Rarefaction Waves in Steam-Water Mixtures .57 17. Comparison of the Proposed Correlation and the Homogeneous Models with the Air-Water Data of Refs. 13 and 33 58 16. Comparison of the Homogeneous Adiabatic Model and Eq. 82 with the Steam-Water Data of Karplus 58 19. Comparison of the Homogeneous Adiabatic Model and Eq. 82 with the Steam-Water and Air-Water Data of Semenov and Kosterln 59 20. Comparison of the Homogeneous Models and Eq. 82 with the Weak-shock-wave Air-Water Data of Hamilton 21. Comparison of the Measurement Technique Used in This Study and that Employed by Hamilton 60 22. Comparison of Eq. 82 and the Steam-Water Data of Dejong and Firey • 62 23. Comparison of the Homogeneous Models and the Proposed Correlation with the Air-Water Velocity of Sound Data of Karplus ... ......... 24. Frequency Dependence of Velocity of Sound » 25. Comparison of the Smooth-interface Model with the Stratified Air-Water Data 26. Comparison of the Smooth-interface Model with the Stratified Steam-Water Data 27. Comparison of the Two-component Models with the Experimental Data of Refs. 7 and 9 65 28. Comparison of the Proposed Models with Air-Water Data of Garrard for (a) Void Fractions Determined from Film Thickness Measurements, (b) Calculated Void Fractions, and (c) Calculated Core Void Fractions 66 29. Comparison of the Proposed One-component Models with the Steam-Water Data of White and D'Arcy 67 30. Compression and Rarefaction Wave Data for (a) Air at 60°F and (b) a 50% Quality Steam-Water Mixture as Reported in Ref. 14 68 31. Comparison of the One-component Models with the Rarefaction Wave Data of England et_ al 68 32. Comparison of the One-component Models with the Rarefaction Wave Data of Collinghara e£ al. as a Function of Gross and Core Qualities 69 33.

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Section: B Annular and Droplet Flowssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: B Annular and Droplet Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure-Pulse Propagation in Two-Phase One- And Two-Component Mixtures.

Henry¹,

Grolmes²,

Fauske³

1971

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“…This change occurs discontinuously according to theoretical and MATIS-SC calculations. However, in the experiments by England et al, 14) the sound speed changed moderately with increasing wetness of the steam. Because the sound speed in the low wetness region is almost the same as that in saturated or dry steam, and the sound speed has a strong effect on the resonance frequency, we applied slightly dry steam conditions so that the resonance frequency was the same as that observed in actual BWRs.…”

Section: Cfd Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Evaluation of Acoustic- and Flow-Induced Vibration of the BWR Main Steam Lines and Dryer

Morita

Takahashi

Okuyama

et al. 2011

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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The boiling water reactor (BWR-3) steam dryer in the Quad Cities (QC) Unit 2 Nuclear Power Plant was damaged by high-cycle fatigue due to acoustic-induced vibration. The cause of the dryer failure was considered as flow-induced acoustic resonance at the stub pipes of the safety relief valve (SRV) in the main steam lines (MSLs). The acoustic resonance was considered to be generated by the interaction between the sound field and an unstable shear layer across the closed side branches of SRVs. We have started a research program on BWR steam dryers to develop methods of evaluating the loading. Moreover, it is necessary to evaluate the dryer integrity of BWR-5 plants, which are the main type of BWR in Japan.In the present study, we conducted 1/10-scale BWR model tests and analysis to investigate the flowinduced acoustic resonance and acoustic characteristics in MSLs. The test apparatus consisted of a steam dryer, a steam dome, and 4 MSLs with 20 SRV stub pipes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was conducted to evaluate the acoustic source in MSLs. Finite element method (FEM) was applied to calculate the three-dimensional wave equations for acoustic analysis. We demonstrated that large fluctuating pressure occurred in the high-and low-frequency regions. The high-frequency fluctuating pressure was generated by the flow-induced acoustic resonance in the SRV stub pipes. We evaluated the acoustic source (that is, the fluctuating pressure) in MSLs by unsteady CFD calculations, and we evaluated the pressure propagation by acoustic analysis. These results were verified by comparison with the results of scale-model tests, and they showed good agreement with the experimental results. The effects of the difference between the properties of air and steam were numerically investigated, and it was found that the effects on the acoustic resonance in the SRV stub pipes were not significant.

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“…3-17 could be solved if it could be related to an equilibrium process. Assume x = kNxrj., (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) so that E 1^1 = kN, ^^ L' "^Mh' """-M) (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) where N is a characteristic paranneter of the system. When x < 0.50, the net process in a decreasing-pressure field is one of evaporation.…”

Section: An Approximation For Critical Flow At Low Qualitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3-17 produces c = -gc k|[l + kNxE(k -1)] kNxE(^-^j^ + ^g [1 + 2kNxE(k -1)]Nxg(l -kNxj,) "4I? )HJ(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)…”

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A study of one- and two-component, two-phase critical flows at low qualities

Henry

1968

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Comparison between Author's Theory and Experimental Data of Test Section C7 for Pg = 40 psia 20. Comparison between Author's Theory, Equilibrium Theories of Refs. 9, 31, and 35, and Experimental Data of Test Sections C7 and R7 for Pg-50 psia 21. Comparison between Author's Theory and Experimental Data of Test Section C7 for Pg = 60 psia 22. Comparison between Author's Theory and Experimental Data of Test Section R7 for Pg = 100 psia 23. Comparison between Author's Theory and Experimental Data of Test Section R7 for Pg = 150 psia 24. The Slope (SN/^P)HO for Low Void Fractions 25. Comparison between Author's Theory and Experimental Data in Void-fraction Region 26. Comparison between Theoretical Prediction of Gc/GcHE ^^^ Experimental Data for All Exit Pressures 27. Comparison between Two-component Asymptotic Theory and Experimental Data of Ref. 14 for Pg = 17 psia 50 28. Comparison of GC/G^-HE for Different Geometries 51 29. Pressure Dependency of GC/G^-HE 52 30. Experimental Evidence of a Maximum Velocity Ratio for a Given Exit Pressure 52 31. Comparison between Experimental Equilibrium Velocity Ratios and Theoretical Models for P^ = 50 psia 54 32. Experimental and Theoretical Values for Two-phase Sonic Velocity 57

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Additional Velocity of Sound Measurements in Wet Steam

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Pressure-Pulse Propagation in Two-Phase One- And Two-Component Mixtures.

Pressure-Pulse Propagation in Two-Phase One- And Two-Component Mixtures.

Evaluation of Acoustic- and Flow-Induced Vibration of the BWR Main Steam Lines and Dryer

A study of one- and two-component, two-phase critical flows at low qualities

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