Additional Tendinous Origin and Entrapment of the Plantaris Muscle

Entrapment of the Plantaris Tendon - A Rare Anomaly

“…In the present case, similar to Das et al 8 , Nayak et al 7 and Saha et al 9 , the plantaris tendon passed between the tibial nerve and the nerve to the soleus, thereby causing its entrapment. No other associated anomaly in relation to its origin, insertion and number of muscle belly were observed in the present case.…”

A Morphological Study of Plantaris Muscle and Its Surgical Perspective

“…A very less percentage but clinically very important variation was observed in the present study i. attaching to the patella that result in medial or lateral displacement [28], hence the plantaris originating from LPL which is the extension of tendon of vastus lateralis, will affect the knee dynamics. There are reported cases of unilateral double plantaris [15], bilateral double plantaris muscle [29] additional tendinous origin and entrapment of the plantaris muscle [17] and also a firm connection between plantaris and calcaneal tendon at the level of mid-portion of the Achilles tendon in 10% of specimens in a recently published article, the incidence of firm connection between the two tendons was more in the frozen cadavers without formalin, they infer that the formalin may alter the texture of the muscles hence the incidence is more [16]. In the present study the above said types of variations are not observed.…”

“…The agenesis of the plantaris muscle may affect the dynamics of the knee [14]. The plantaris muscle has its importance in diagnosing the pain associated conditions of the knee, because there are reported cases of unilateral double plantaris [15], firm connection of the plantaris tendon with the Achilles tendon at its mid-portion [16], and an additional tendinous origin of the plantaris muscle and its entrapment between the tibial nerve and its branch to Soleus [17]. In the "tennis leg" which is debatable since so many decades, apart from the other muscles of the leg involved, the isolated rupture of the plantaris tendon (1.4%) is rare but as the etiology of the tennis leg has to be kept in mind for differential diagnosis when the muscle is involved [2].…”

Quality of life of people living with HIV and AIDS and antiretroviral therapy

“…According to Mannheimer et al,18 significant improvements in mean QOL were seen in HIV patients enrolled at two multicenter antiretroviral clinical trials after 1 and 4 months on new ART regimens, and the improvements persisted for 12 months. In a study by Campos et al,19 by using a single facet of the WHOQOL-BREF instrument, they were able to assess patients’ QOL for 4 months after initiating ART based on the individuals’ perceptions, values, and preferences, and they found that a high proportion of the patients reported good or very good QOL after about 4 months of ART (66.4%) and noticed a significant difference when compared to the baseline values before initiating ART treatment. Overall self-perception of QOL has been shown to be a useful screening item for assessing global QOL, and a lower proportion of good and very good QOL has been observed in HIV/AIDS patients who are not seeking primary health services, compared to individuals who have sought primary health services 20,21,22.…”