Knowledge of morphology, coloration, and distribution of species of Calcinus Dana, 1851 from French Polynesia is expanded based primarily on collections obtained during the French BENTHAUS Expedition in 2002 to the Austral Islands, the southernmost of the French Polynesian islands. Six species of Calcinus were obtained from inshore to depths of 280 m. Of these, one proved to be a new species, C. albengai, and is fully described. This new species has two colour variants, one with pale pink to cream chelipeds that lives in shallow-water from the intertidal to about 50 m, the other with bright orange chelipeds, from deeper waters from about 50 to 280 m. Morphologically this new species is distinguished by differences in the armature of the ocular acicles, aspects of the left and right palms, ventrodistal pilosity of third pereopods, and telson armature. Five species were collected by dredging, trawling, or using traps, in depths of 40 to 280 m: C.