Additional considerations for anti-tick vaccine research

Antibody isotype epitope mapping of SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike RBD protein: Targets for COVID‐19 symptomatology and disease control

“…A proposed pipeline for quantum vaccinomics is based on the characterization of the cell interactome and regulome in vector-host-pathogen interactions and the identification of protective epitopes in protein interacting domains for the design and production of chimeric vaccine antigens [68,69,71,72]. This platform also provides the possibility of including other biomolecules, such as glycan alpha-gal (Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R)-based protein posttranslational modifications, to improve protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens [73][74][75][76]. Taken together, the results of this study suggest the possibility of translating the findings of B-cell linear epitope mapping for quantum vaccinomics in designing vaccines with increased antibody and CD4 + /CD8 + T-cell responses for the control of SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants [28,41,42,46,77].…”

One Health Approach to Identify Research Needs on Rhipicephalus microplus Ticks in the Americas

“…We support that an effective control of cattle tick infestations can be achieved with integrated approaches combining different control interventions including a combination of synthetic and natural acaricides, environmentally sustainable management (e.g., pasture vacation and adoption of cattle with a high grade of resistance to ticks) and vaccines with country and host-driven approaches for cattle tick control. Additionally, ongoing and future research should approach other alternatives for the control of tick infestations and tick-borne diseases including (i) the application of omics technologies in combination with Big Data analytics and machine learning for the most efficient identification of tick and pathogen derived protective antigens [ 67 ]; (ii) quantum vaccinomics for the identification and combination of protective epitopes or immunological quantum to increase vaccine efficacy [ 68 , 69 ]; (iii) the application of new vaccine platforms such as DNA, RNA, virus-like particles, nanoparticles, multiantigenic and oral vaccine formulations for improving immune response to vaccination [ 70 , 71 , 72 ]; (iv) including in vaccine formulations other biomolecules such as glycan modifications in lipids and proteins, inactivated bacterial components and tick gut microbiota-derived bacteria to boost antigen-specific and non-specific immunity [ 73 ]; (v) paratransgenesis using gene editing by RNA interference and the latest bacterial type II Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and the associated protein 9 system (CRISPR-Cas9) [ 74 ], among other multidisciplinary approaches [ 75 ].…”

The control of Hyalomma ticks, vectors of the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: Where are we now and where are we going?

“…The evidence of natural immunity to tick bites, identified as early as the beginning of the 20th century (see recent reviews: [ 111 , 126 ]), and capable of providing indirect protection against tick-associated diseases, has naturally led the scientific community to consider anti-tick vaccine control strategies. By targeting the vector, anti-tick vaccines have the dual advantage of combating both the ticks themselves and the direct losses they cause, as well as all potentially transmitted pathogens [ 127 ]. Two main types of anti-tick vaccines have been developed, those using antigens exposed to host immune responses during gorging, such as salivary antigens, and those that rely on canceled molecules not exposed to the host immune system [ 128 ].…”