Addition of the neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist aprepitant to standard antiemetic therapy improves control of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting

Abstract

A first principle one‐dimensional (1‐D) dynamic model for tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is developed. To convert the distributed model into a control relevant nonlinear state space model, an approximate analytical solution for reacting gas‐flow problem is proposed, and applied to the 1‐D SOFC dynamic model. Compared to numerical solutions, the proposed solution can significantly reduce requirements in computation, and thus, facilitate dynamic simulations and control applications. Distributed dynamic relations between current density and electromotive force (EMF) are investigated. Diffusion, inherent impedance, primary flow, heat transfer, and internal reforming/shifting reaction are considered simultaneously. Dynamic responses of the interested variables when external current, fuel and air inlet streams are perturbed by step changes are investigated through simulations. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008.

The NK-1 receptor-antagonist aprepitant in high-dose chemotherapy (highdose melphalan and high-dose T-ICE: paclitaxel, ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide): efficacy and safety of a triple antiemetic combination

“…8,21 The tolerability profile of the triple combined regimen in our study patients corresponds to former findings concerning antiemetic treatment with 5-HT 3 -RA and steroids in patients receiving HDC. 6,10,13 Interestingly, in our patient population the incidence of hiccups was 6.3%, which compares well with the incidence in the approval studies for aprepitant, 22,23 was much lower than in the study by Paul et al with a singultus incidence of 33%. 8 A suspected interaction between aprepitant and ifosfamide is reported and discussed in a case report.…”

Identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the human neurokinin 1 receptor gene and pharmacological characterization of a Y192H variant

“…6 One NK1 antagonist, aprepitant (MK869, Emend), is an approved treatment for chemotherapy-induced emesis. 7,8 Sequence polymorphisms in genes that encode receptors, phase I and phase II metabolizing enzymes, and drug transporters have the potential to affect many aspects of drug efficacy, metabolism and safety. Recent advances including the availability of the complete human genome sequence have raised interest in sequence variability with regard to the investigational and clinical development of new drugs.…”

Pharmacological Characterization of T-2328, 2-Fluoro-4'-methoxy-3'-[[[(2S,3S)-2-phenyl-3-piperidinyl]amino]methyl]-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile Dihydrochloride, as a Brain-Penetrating Antagonist of Tachykinin NK1 Receptor

“…Involvement of substance P and NK 1 has been suggested in the generation of delayed emesis following the treatment with chemotherapeutic agents (20). Recent studies further demonstrated the suppression of delayed emesis by aprepitant in both humans and animals (4,5,10), although brain-nonpenetrating NK 1 antagonists are ineffective (21). Cisplatin induced long-lasting emesis in ferrets for 72 h. T-2328 inhibited the cisplatin-induced delayed emesis by i.v.…”

“…NK 1 receptors are widely expressed throughout the central nervous system (3) and are involved in the regulation of various behavioral, endocrine, and autonomic functions. Based on the pharmacological data and recent clinical trials, it has emerged that blockade of brain tachykinin NK 1 receptors may provide a novel treatment of emesis (4,5), major depression (6), and anxiety problems (7). Therefore, there have been subsequent developments of selective and potent NK 1 -receptor antagonists (8).…”