Addition of silica nanoparticles to tailor the mechanical properties of nanofibrillated cellulose thin films

Eita, Mohamed; Arwin, Hans; Granberg, Hjalmar; Wågberg, Lars

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2011.07.085

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…for an extensive range of materials but have been particularly useful for polymer-based films that are more challenging to measure by nanoindentation than metallic and inorganic coatings. For example, SIEBIMM has been demonstrated for single-component polymer films of polystyrene, 1,10,20,21 and poly(methyl methacrylate), 10 as well as layer-by-layer (LbL) films composed entirely of polyelectrolytes, 10,[22][23][24] or of polymers and nanoparticles 13,25,26 where the uniformity, reproducibility, and tunability inherent to the LbL method is particularly useful. Biobased nanoparticles, such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) or cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) combined with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) have also been studied using buckling-based methods.…”

Section: Siebimm and Thermal Shrinking Methods Have Been Used To Measmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Direct Comparison of Three Buckling-Based Methods to Measure the Elastic Modulus of Nanobiocomposite Thin Films

Stimpson¹,

Osorio²,

Cranston³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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<p>To engineer tunable thin film materials, accurate measurement of their mechanical properties is crucial. However, characterizing the elastic modulus with current methods is particularly challenging for sub-micrometer thick films and hygroscopic materials because they are highly sensitive to environmental conditions and most methods require free-standing films which are difficult to prepare. In this work, we directly compared three buckling-based methods to determine the elastic moduli of supported thin films: 1) biaxial thermal shrinking, 2) uniaxial thermal shrinking, and 3) the mechanically compressed, strain-induced elastic buckling instability for mechanical measurements (SIEBIMM) method. Nanobiocomposite model films composed of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were assembled using layer-by-layer deposition to control composition and thickness. The three buckling-based methods yielded the same trends and comparable values for the elastic moduli of each CNC-PEI film composition (ranging from 15 – 44 GPa, depending on film composition). This suggests that the methods are similarly effective for the quantification of thin film mechanical properties. Increasing the CNC content in the films statistically increased the modulus, however, increasing the PEI content did not lead to significant changes. The standard deviation of elastic moduli determined from SIEBIMM was 2-4 times larger than for thermal shrinking, likely due to extensive cracking and partial film delamination. In light of these results, biaxial thermal shrinking is recommended as the method of choice because it affords the simplest implementation and analysis and is the least sensitive to small deviations in the input parameter values, such as film thickness or substrate modulus.</p>

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Section: Siebimm and Thermal Shrinking Methods Have Been Used To Measmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Direct Comparison of Three Buckling-Based Methods to Measure the Elastic Modulus of Nanobiocomposite Thin Films

Stimpson¹,

Osorio²,

Cranston³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The PVAm-NFC bilayer thickness on a PDMS substrate was measured to be 2.2 nm and the refractive index in the range 1.56–1.52 was measured by variable angle (50–70°) spectroscopic ellipsometer. The layer was modeled with the Cauchy model (Eita et al, 2011).…”

Section: Cellulose Film Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Nano-Films as Bio-Interfaces

Raghuwanshi

Garnier

2019

Front. Chem.

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Cellulose, the most abundant polymer on earth, has enormous potential in developing bio-friendly, and sustainable technological products. In particular, cellulose films of nanoscale thickness (1–100 nm) are transparent, smooth (roughness <1 nm), and provide a large surface area interface for biomolecules immobilization and interactions. These attractive film properties create many possibilities for both fundamental studies and applications, especially in the biomedical field. The three liable—OH groups on the monomeric unit of the cellulose chain provide schemes to chemically modify the cellulose interface and engineer its properties. Here, the cellulose thin film serves as a substrate for biomolecules interactions and acts as a support for bio-diagnostics. This review focuses on the challenges and opportunities provided by engineering cellulose thin films for controlling biomolecules interactions. The first part reviews the methods for preparing cellulose thin films. These are by dispersing or dissolving pure cellulose or cellulose derivatives in a solvent to coat a substrate using the spin coating, Langmuir-Blodgett, or Langmuir-Schaefer method. It is shown how different cellulose sources, preparation, and coating methods and substrate surface pre-treatment affect the film thickness, roughness, morphology, crystallinity, swelling in water, and homogeneity. The second part analyses the bio-macromolecules interactions with the cellulose thin film interfaces. Biomolecules, such as antibodies and enzymes, are adsorbed at the cellulose-liquid interface, and analyzed dry and wet. This highlights the effect of film surface morphology, thickness, crystallinity, water intake capacity, and surface pre-treatment on biomolecule adsorption, conformation, coverage, longevity, and activity. Advance characterization of cellulose thin film interface morphology and adsorbed biomolecules interactions are next reviewed. X-ray and neutron scattering/reflectivity combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), microscopy, and ellipsometer allow visualizing, and quantifying the structural morphology of cellulose-biomolecule interphase and the respective biomolecules conformations, kinetics, and sorption mechanisms. This review provides a novel insight on the advantages and challenges of engineering cellulose thin films for biomedical applications. This is to foster the exploration at the molecular level of the interaction mechanisms between a cellulose interface and adsorbed biomolecules with respect to adsorbed molecules morphology, surface coverage, and quantity. This knowledge is to engineer a novel generation of efficient and functional biomedical devices.

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“…The SIEBIMM method has been used to characterize organic and inorganic thin films with thicknesses of tens of nanometers to a few micometers. 1,6,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] A limitation of SIEBIMM, however, is that crack formation across the film is common, which can interfere with modulus measurement by locally releasing stress and changing the wrinkle wavelength. 1,15 Additionally, for characterization of bio-based and other hygroscopic materials, SIEBIMM needs to be performed under carefully controlled temperature and relative humidity (RH) conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Comparison of Three Buckling-Based Methods to Measure the Elastic Modulus of Nanobiocomposite Thin Films

Stimpson

Osorio

Cranston

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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To engineer tunable thin film materials, accurate measurement of their mechanical properties is crucial.However, characterizing the elastic modulus with current methods is particularly challenging for sub-micrometer thick films and hygroscopic materials because they are highly sensitive to environmental conditions and most methods require free-standing films which are difficult to prepare. In this work, we directly compared three buckling-based methods to determine the elastic moduli of supported thin films: 1) biaxial thermal shrinking, 2) uniaxial thermal shrinking, and 3) the mechanically compressed, strain-induced elastic buckling instability for mechanical measurements (SIEBIMM) method. Nanobiocomposite model films composed of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were assembled using layer-by-layer deposition to control composition and thickness. The three buckling-based methods yielded the same trends and comparable values for the elastic moduli of each CNC-PEI film composition (ranging from 15 -44 GPa, depending on film composition). This suggests that the methods are similarly effective for the quantification of thin film mechanical properties. Increasing the CNC content in the films statistically increased the modulus, however, increasing the PEI content did not lead to significant changes. The standard deviation of elastic moduli determined from SIEBIMM was 2-4 times larger than for thermal shrinking, likely due to extensive cracking and partial film delamination. In light of these results, biaxial thermal shrinking is recommended as the method of choice because it affords the simplest implementation and analysis and is the least sensitive to small deviations in the input parameter values, such as film thickness or substrate modulus. File list (3) download file view on ChemRxiv TStimpson_CNC-PEI-Buckling-Methods.pdf (1.52 MiB) download file view on ChemRxiv TStimpson_CNC-PEI-Buckling-Methods_SI.pdf (588.65 KiB) download file view on ChemRxiv wrinkleAnalysis_portable.m (109.02 KiB)

show abstract

Addition of silica nanoparticles to tailor the mechanical properties of nanofibrillated cellulose thin films

Cited by 22 publications

References 41 publications

A Direct Comparison of Three Buckling-Based Methods to Measure the Elastic Modulus of Nanobiocomposite Thin Films

A Direct Comparison of Three Buckling-Based Methods to Measure the Elastic Modulus of Nanobiocomposite Thin Films

Cellulose Nano-Films as Bio-Interfaces

Direct Comparison of Three Buckling-Based Methods to Measure the Elastic Modulus of Nanobiocomposite Thin Films

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