Addition of nanoclay and compatibilized EPDM rubber for improved impact strength of epoxy glass fiber composites

Singh, K.K.; Nanda, Tarun; Mehta, Rajeev

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.10.009

Cited by 32 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Following to debonding and shear yielding, cavitation arises in the epoxy matrix surrounding GnPs and rubber particles because of the localized plastic flow. Then, by the increasing the number of cavitations and plastic deformation of the epoxy matrix, some amount of the stored strain energy is dissipated which improves the composites' fracture toughness [42][43][44][45]. Lastly, when GnPs are found in front of the crack during crack propagation, twisted crack pathways are generated due to the GnPs as shown in Figure 10.…”

Section: Determination Of the Fracture Toughness And Toughening Mechamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture Toughness Analysis of Epoxy-Recycled Rubber-Based Composite Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets for Structural Applications in Automotive and Aeronautics

2020

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This study proposes a new design of lightweight and cost-efficient composite materials for the aeronautic industry utilizing recycled fresh scrap rubber, epoxy resin, and graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs). After manufacturing the composites, their bending strength and fracture characteristics were investigated by three-point bending (3PB) tests. Halpin–Tsai homogenization adapted to composites containing GnPs was used to estimate the moduli of the composites, and satisfactory agreement with the 3PB test results was observed. In addition, 3PB tests were simulated by finite element method incorporating the Halpin–Tsai homogenization, and the resulting stress–strain curves were compared with the experimental results. Mechanical test results showed that the reinforcement with GnPs generally increased the modulus of elasticity as well as the fracture toughness of these novel composites. Toughening mechanisms were evaluated by SEM fractography. The typical toughening mechanisms observed were crack deflection and cavity formation. Considering the advantageous effects of GnPs on these novel composites and cost efficiency gained by the use of recycled rubber, these composites have the potential to be used to manufacture various components in the automotive and aeronautic industries as well as smart building materials in civil engineering applications.

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Section: Determination Of the Fracture Toughness And Toughening Mechamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture Toughness Analysis of Epoxy-Recycled Rubber-Based Composite Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets for Structural Applications in Automotive and Aeronautics

2020

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“…due to their low cost and weight, high specific strength, ease of processing, and resistance to decomposition under various conditions. 1–11 Since the last two decades, efforts have been made to enhance the strength of fiber-reinforced polymer composites by incorporating nanomaterials to widen the spectrum of their applications. 12–14 Amongst the various nano-fillers for polymer nanocomposites (nanoclay/silicate platelets, carbon nanotubes, Kevlar nanofibers, silica nanoparticles etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last few years, research has emphasized on compatibilization of different constituents of fiber-reinforced nanocomposites for improved interfacial bonding among them and hence superior mechanical properties of composites. 1,3–5,13,17,21,23–25 Jung and Sodano 42 added silane-treated nano-aramid fibers to epoxy nanocomposites and observed significant improvements in tensile strength, tensile modulus, and fracture toughness. Limited literature is available on GFRCs reinforced with silanized nanoclay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addition of compatibilized nanoclay to GFRCs for improved izod impact strength and tensile properties

Shelly

Nanda

Mehta

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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This research examines the effect of nanoclay silanization/compatibilization on the izod impact strength and tensile properties of epoxy-clay-based glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRCs). As per the existing literature, a key step in silanization of clay is washing of the silanized clay with acetone to remove the excess of silane molecules. However, contrary to this, the present research shows that acetone washing of the silanized clay lowers the tensile properties. GFRCs containing 2 phr nanoclay were processed. Three different montmorillonite clays were used in the initial investigations (two organically modified nanoclays designated as “CA” and “IE” and one unmodified nanoclay designated as “PG”). Silane concentration was varied in the range of 100–400% as proportion of nanoclay loading (i.e. 1X, 2X, 3X, and 4X). Silanization was validated by FTIR. XRD/TEM revealed increased d-spacing for silanized nanoclay and a partially exfoliated clay morphology in GFRCs. Highest izod impact strength (37% higher than the reference GFRC) without any loss in tensile properties was observed for GFRC reinforced with acetone washed 2X silanized “PG” nanoclay. GFRCs reinforced with silanized unwashed nanoclay (3X) showed 27% improvement in izod impact strength with significantly improved tensile strength (16% higher than the reference sample).

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“…Rubber particles have been widely used to enhance the impact resistance of epoxy composites [5,6,7,8]. However, the poor dispersion and aggregation of rubber particles in a composite decreases the impact resistance at a high content of rubber particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Cleavage of Core–Shell Rubber/Epoxy Composite Foam Adhesive under Impact Wedge–Peel Condition for Automobile Structural Adhesive

et al. 2019

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Epoxy foam adhesives are widely used for weight reduction, watertight property, and mechanical reinforcement effects. However, epoxy foam adhesives have poor impact resistance at higher expansion ratios. Hence, we prepared an epoxy composite foam adhesive with core–shell rubber (CSR) particles to improve the impact resistance and applied it to automotive structural adhesives. The curing behavior and pore structure were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray computed tomography (CT), respectively, and impact wedge–peel tests were conducted to quantitatively evaluate the resistance to cleavage of the CSR/epoxy composite foam adhesives under impact. At 5 and 10 phr CSR contents, the pore size and expansion ratio increased sufficiently due to the decrease in curing rate. However, at 20 phr CSR content, the pore size decreased, which might be due to the steric hindrance effect of the CSR particles. Notably, at 0 and 0.1 phr foaming agent contents, the resistance to cleavage of the adhesives under the impact wedge–peel condition significantly improved with increasing CSR content. Thus, the CSR/epoxy composite foam adhesive containing 0.1 phr foaming agent and 20 phr CSR particles showed high impact resistance (EC = 34,000 mJ/cm2) and sufficient expansion ratio (~148%).

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Addition of nanoclay and compatibilized EPDM rubber for improved impact strength of epoxy glass fiber composites

Cited by 32 publications

References 44 publications

Fracture Toughness Analysis of Epoxy-Recycled Rubber-Based Composite Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets for Structural Applications in Automotive and Aeronautics

Fracture Toughness Analysis of Epoxy-Recycled Rubber-Based Composite Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets for Structural Applications in Automotive and Aeronautics

Addition of compatibilized nanoclay to GFRCs for improved izod impact strength and tensile properties

Resistance to Cleavage of Core–Shell Rubber/Epoxy Composite Foam Adhesive under Impact Wedge–Peel Condition for Automobile Structural Adhesive

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