Adding Multiple Adipokines into the Model do not Improve Weight Gain Prediction by Leptin Levels in Newborns

Abstract

Objective:Most adipose tissue programming is realized in early life. Also, the postnatal three months, rather than the later phases of infancy, may be more relevant in the development of an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile. The adipokines phenotype, as a predictor of early-life weight gain, has been recently explored in cord blood. To determine whether in addition to leptin levels in cord samples, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), resistin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels improve weight gain prediction during the first three months of life.Methods:Adiponectin, IL-6, MCP-1, leptin, resistin, PAI-1, and TNF-α were measured by multiplex immunoassay in a subsample of 86 healthy term newborns.Results:Leptin levels significantly predicted weight gain at 3 months of follow-up (r2=0.09, p=0.006). In the multivariate analysis, including additional adipokines in the model, stepwise or all at once, did not increase the prediction of weight gain after the first three months of life.Conclusion:Adding adiponectin, IL-6, MCP-1, resistin, PAI-1, and TNF-α to the prediction model of weight gain in healthy newborns did not prove to be useful. It is probable that their relative contribution to weight gain is not important. Only leptin was relevant as a predictor of weight gain at the 3-month endpoint.

Newborn adipokines and early childhood growth

“…One study found cross‐sectional associations with metabolic risk markers including insulin resistance among children but with some indication that the different isoforms of resistin may create discrepant findings . Our findings regarding weight gain are similar to those of another study measuring cord blood resistin and other factors (including leptin and adiponectin) among 86 newborns, finding no association for weight gain at 3 months postpartum apart from leptin levels . However, we found that higher newborn resistin levels were associated with higher odds of being overweight at 2–3 years of age.…”

Severe Early Onset Obesity due to a Novel Missense Mutation in Exon 3 of the Leptin Gene in an Infant from Northwest India

“…Leptin is an important afferent, peripheral, humoral signal to the appetite-regulating network in the hypothalamus and affects food intake and energy expenditure. It is an important predictor of weight gain even during early infancy ( 21 ). Therefore, low levels of leptin or its biological inactivity resulting from mutations in LEP may disturb metabolic balance, leading to severe obesity and related metabolic disorders.…”

Maternal serum adipokines and inflammatory markers at late gestation and newborn weight in mothers with and without gestational diabetes mellitus

“…One study found mRNA expression of gene-encoded resistin was increased in adipose tissue from GDM when compared to a non-GDM group, and the expression level was related to insulin resistance [24]. Conflicting findings have been found regarding cord serum resistin and birthweight [25,26].…”