Adding insult to injury: Effects of chronic oxybenzone exposure and elevated temperature on two reef-building corals

Wijgerde, Tim; Ballegooijen, Mike van; Nijland, Reindert; Loos, Luna M. van der; Kwadijk, Christiaan; Osinga, Ronald; Murk, Albertinka J.; Slijkerman, D.M.E.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139030

Cited by 56 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Differential impact of UV filters in 2 species was highlighted by He et al (2019aHe et al ( , 2019b, who also concluded that adult was the most sensitive life stage, in contrast to the discussion by Downs et al (2016). Similarly, although both species were unimpacted by exposure to 0.06 µg/L BP-3 (i.e., no mortality or impact on growth after 6-wk exposure), Wijgerde et al (2020) demonstrated that A. tenuis was more sensitive to temperature elevations than was S. pistillata.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Organic Uv Filters To Coralmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of experiments were conducted using Pocillopora damicornis (36% of endpoints) and Seriatopora caliendrum (31% of endpoints; Figure 4), which can be mainly be attributed to the studies of He et al (2019aHe et al ( , 2019b although Stien et al (2019Stien et al ( , 2020 also worked with P. damicornis. Fel et al (2019), Downs et al (2016), and Wijgerde et al (2020) all worked with Stylophora pistillata. Danovaro et al (2008) chose to work mainly with Acropora at the genus level, whereas Wijgerde et al (2020) worked with Acropora tenuis.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Organic Uv Filters To Coralmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of acute (i.e., mortality) and chronic endpoints were studied in the toxicity tests; however, the duration of these tests were variable, and the justification for these durations, biological endpoints, and toxicity thresholds reported is unclear. For example, the duration of the chronic tests varied from 35 to 41 d, and endpoints included mortality, growth, algal density, microbiome changes, and photosynthetic efficiency (Fel et al 2019;Wijgerde et al 2020). Meanwhile acute studies ranged from 8 h to 14 d and included the endpoints of mortality, larval settlement, algal density, bleaching, deformity, DNA damage, metabolomic changes, and polyp retraction (Danovaro et al 2008;Downs et al 2016;He et al 2019aHe et al , 2019bStien et al 2019Stien et al , 2020.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Organic Uv Filters To Coralmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, acute endpoints are normally associated with short-term, up to 4-d, exposures and aim to derive either an EC50 or more usually an LC50. Mortality was included in longer-term exposures, for example, by He et al (2019aHe et al ( , 2019b in their 7-to 14-d tests in both larvae and adult corals and by Wijgerde et al (2020) in their 41-d study. Meanwhile, Fel et al (2019) reported mortality but instead as a validity criterion for their 5-wk exposures rather than a NOEC or an LC50.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Organic Uv Filters To Coralmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the initial 3 organic UV filter coral toxicity papers were published, 6 additional investigations have increased the amount of data available and expanded the number of organic UV filters studied (Fel et al 2019;He et al 2019aHe et al , 2019bStien et al 2019Stien et al , 2020Wijgerde et al 2020). Two studies have reported on the concentrations of UV filters in coral tissues (Tsui et al 2017;Mitchelmore et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Critical Review of Organic Ultraviolet Filter Exposure, Hazard, and Risk to Corals

Mitchelmore

Burns

Conway

et al. 2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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There has been a rapid increase in public, political, and scientific interest regarding the impact of organic ultraviolet (UV) filters to coral reefs. Such filters are found in sunscreens and other consumer products and enter the aquatic environment via direct (i.e., recreational activities, effluents) or indirect (i.e., land runoff) pathways. This review summarizes the current state of the science regarding the concentration of organic UV filters in seawater and sediment near coral reef ecosystems and in coral tissues, toxicological data from early and adult life stages of coral species, and preliminary environmental risk characterizations. Up to 14 different organic UV filters in seawater near coral reefs have been reported across 12 studies, with the majority of concentrations in the nanograms per liter range. Nine papers report toxicological findings from no response to a variety of biological effects occurring in the micrograms per liter to milligrams per liter range, in part given the wide variations in experimental design and coral species and/or life stage used. This review presents key findings; scientific data gaps; flaws in assumptions, practice, and inference; and a number of recommendations for future studies to assess the environmental risk of organic UV filters to coral reef ecosystems.

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Section: Toxicity Of Organic Uv Filters To Coralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxicity Of Organic Uv Filters To Coralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxicity Of Organic Uv Filters To Coralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxicity Of Organic Uv Filters To Coralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Critical Review of Organic Ultraviolet Filter Exposure, Hazard, and Risk to Corals

Mitchelmore

Burns

Conway

et al. 2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The Effects of Contaminants of Emerging Concern on Water Quality

Schoenfuss

2021

Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology

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Sunscreen pollution and tourism governance: Science and innovation are necessary for biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism

Downs

Remengesau

2022

Aquatic Conservation

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1. Sunscreen pollution can be a symptom of unsustainable tourism and coastal development, impacting marine and aquatic resources. When introduced into marine and freshwater ecosystems, sunscreen pollution can cause a cascade of insults to the ecological structure, from impacting primary production to reducing wildlife reproductive viability and fecundity.2. Without intervention, tourism and its associated development in these coastal areas may become self-destructive, ultimately degrading or destroying the natural resources that are the principal attractions. The environmental sciences that focus on pollution, such as ecotoxicology, environmental contaminant surveys and monitoring, and ecological risk assessments are critical for both describing the pollution phenomenon and identifying pollution sources, as well as providing the basis for mitigation.3. As a case study, the Republic of Palau has taken the step of implementing a precautionary governance policy to tourism that conserves and protects its marine and aquatic resources from chemical factors that are known to contribute to sunscreen and cosmetic pollution. 4. Governance policies can inspire the cosmetic and fashion industries to innovate product formulations that are shown to be ecologically safera critical and viable option for pollution mitigation and an essential component for sustained conservation. Safer products and a precautionary approach to governance, when combined with ecologically and culturally cognizant branding and education, may contribute to an authentic experience that effectively promotes environmentally sustainable tourism.

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Adding insult to injury: Effects of chronic oxybenzone exposure and elevated temperature on two reef-building corals

Cited by 56 publications

References 60 publications

A Critical Review of Organic Ultraviolet Filter Exposure, Hazard, and Risk to Corals

A Critical Review of Organic Ultraviolet Filter Exposure, Hazard, and Risk to Corals

The Effects of Contaminants of Emerging Concern on Water Quality

Sunscreen pollution and tourism governance: Science and innovation are necessary for biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism

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