Adding Fuel to the Fire: Methamphetamine Enhances HIV Infection

Potula, Raghava; Persidsky, Yuri

doi:10.2353/ajpath.2008.080130

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Most female MA users initiated MA use at an early age, had shorter abuse durations, used MA more frequently, and were more likely use MA with heterosexual partners. MA enhances sexual performance, sensitivity, and pleasure, increasing the risk of trauma from prolonged intercourse and failure to use condoms [25,26], and is associated with having multiple sex partners and unprotected sex [9-11]. Results from this paper support previous findings showing that MA use can greatly increase the risk of STD/HIV transmission.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Gender difference in the characteristics of and high-risk behaviours among non-injecting heterosexual methamphetamine users in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China

et al. 2013

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BackgroundDespite the increasing risk of HIV infections, few studies concerning the characteristics of non-injecting heterosexual methamphetamine (MA) users and related risk behaviours have been conducted in China.MethodsGender differences in socio-demographic characteristics, perception of MA and STD/HIV, MA use practices, and sexual behaviours related to MA use were examined among 398 non-injecting heterosexual MA users (288 males, 110 females).ResultsMale MA users were more likely to be married, local, and self-employed; female MA users were more likely to be young, single, engaged in commercial service or unemployed. Female MA users usually start MA use at an earlier age than males (24.3 vs. 31.3 years old), with shorter abuse durations (2.6 vs. 2.9 years), higher frequency of MA use (3.6 vs. 2.4 times per week), and higher likelihood of using MA with heterosexual partners (100% vs. 78.1%). More male MA users have had multiple sex partners (96.9% vs. 77.3%) and sex exchanges (72.9% vs. 46.4%). Among 277 males who had had sex with commercial sex workers (CSW), 69.4% never used condoms, and among 77 males who had had sex with multiple partners who are commercial sex workers and always or usually used condoms, 87.0% never changed condoms when changing partners.ConclusionThere may be gender difference in the characteristics of high-risk behaviours among non-injecting heterosexual MA users. The findings suggest the integration of specific risk reduction strategies into intervention programs for non-injecting heterosexual MA user populations may significantly improve program goals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Gender difference in the characteristics of and high-risk behaviours among non-injecting heterosexual methamphetamine users in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China

et al. 2013

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“…Methamphetamine [17] and cocaine [3,4] increase HIV replication in-vitro; both also show dose-response associations in frequency of use and levels of neopterin, a marker of immune activation that characterizes HIV-disease progression [18]. What is not clear is whether the large associations observed between adherence to ART and CD4+/CD8+ ratios, even in the context of stimulant use, is consistent with a recent review showing that non-injection users of a range of illicit drugs accelerated development of an AIDS defining event [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative exposure to stimulants and immune function outcomes among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study

et al. 2012

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SUMMARY We examined associations between stimulant use (methamphetamine and cocaine) and other substances (nicotine, marijuana, alcohol, inhaled nitrites) with immune function biomarkers among HIV-seropositive (HIV+) men using highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) and -seronegative (HIV−) men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Among HIV+ men, cumulative adherence to ART (4.07, 95% CI: 3.52, 4.71, per 10 years of adherent HAART use), and recent cohort enrollment (1.38; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.55) were multiplicatively associated with increases in CD4+/CD8+ ratios. Cumulative use of methamphetamine (0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98, per 10 use years), cocaine (0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.96, per 10 use years), and cumulative medical visits (0.99; 95% CI: 0.98, 0.99, per 10 visit years), each showed small negative associations with CD4+/CD8+ ratios. Among HIV- men, cumulative medical visits (0.996; 95% CI: 0.993, 0.999), cumulative number of male sexual partners (0.999; 95% CI: 0.998, 0.9998, per 10 partner years) and cigarette pack years (1.10; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.18, per 10 pack years) were associated with CD4+/CD8+ ratios over the same period. ART adherence is associated with a positive immune function independent of stimulant use, underscoring the influence of ART on immune health for HIV+ men who engage in stimulant use.

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“…Therefore, METH use has been shown to alter or suppress functions of immune cells that are implicated in HIV-1 pathogenesis. For example, METH is known to regulate T cell function including proliferation, cytokine production and T cell-mediated immune response [52,53]. In addition, METH is demonstrated to downregulate the expression of anti-viral cytokine IFN-α in macrophages and dendritic cells [45,54].…”

Section: Immunomodulatory Functions Of Meth May Modulate Hiv-1 Infectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex Interaction Between Methamphetamine Abuse and HIV-1 Pathogenesis

Passaro

Pandhare

Qian

et al. 2015

J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

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The global HIV/AIDS pandemic has claimed the lives of an estimated 35 million people. A significant barrier for combating this global pandemic is substance use since it is associated with HIV transmission, delayed diagnosis/initiation of therapy, and poor adherence to therapy. Clinical studies also suggest a link between substance use and HIV-disease progression/AIDS-associated mortality. Methamphetamine (METH) use is one of the fastest-growing substance use problems in the world. METH use enhances high-risk sexual behaviors, therefore increases the likelihood of HIV-1 acquisition. METH use is also associated with higher viral loads, immune dysfunction, and antiretroviral resistance. Moreover, METH use has also been correlated with rapid progression to AIDS. However, direct effects of METH on HIV-1 disease progression remains poorly understood because use of METH and other illicit drugs is often associated with reduced/non adherence to ART. Nevertheless, in vitro studies demonstrate that METH increases HIV-1 replication in cell cultures and animal models. Thus, it has been proposed that METH’s potentiating effects on HIV-1 replication may in part contribute to the worsening of HIV-1 pathogenesis. However, our recent data demonstrate that METH inhibits HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T cells and challenges this paradigm. Thus, the goal of this review is to systematically examine the published literature to better understand the complex interaction between METH abuse and HIV-1 disease progression.

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Adding Fuel to the Fire: Methamphetamine Enhances HIV Infection

Cited by 23 publications

References 40 publications

Gender difference in the characteristics of and high-risk behaviours among non-injecting heterosexual methamphetamine users in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China

Gender difference in the characteristics of and high-risk behaviours among non-injecting heterosexual methamphetamine users in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China

Cumulative exposure to stimulants and immune function outcomes among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study

The Complex Interaction Between Methamphetamine Abuse and HIV-1 Pathogenesis

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