Addictive agents and intracranial stimulation: Self-stimulation under morphine, amphetamine, and chlorpromazine

Magnuson, Debra J.; Tadeusik, Carol J.; Reid, Larry D.

doi:10.3758/bf03335198

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…None of the correlations among difference scores indexing each drug's effect was of sufficient magnitude to be reliable. These results do not support a conclusion of Magnuson, Tadeusik, and Reid (1976) that there is a negative correlation between changes in pressing under amphetamine and morphine.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 97%

Addictive agents and intracranial stimulation:Daily amphetamine and hypothalamic self-stimulation

Obaldia

Magnuson

Reid

1977

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fixed with a chronically indwelling electrode for intracranial stimulation (lCS) of the lateral hypothalamus. Subsequently, rats pressed daily for four intensities of ICS, 2 min at each intensity. Subsequent to establishment of baseline pressing rates, rats were administered doses of amphetamine of 0, .5, or 4 mg/kg for 26 days. Opportunities to press for ICS were given .5 and 23 h after injections. Following days

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 97%

Addictive agents and intracranial stimulation:Daily amphetamine and hypothalamic self-stimulation

Obaldia

Magnuson

Reid

1977

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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“…Ellman, Ackerman, Bodnar, Jackler, and Steiner (1975), using an ICS very similar to that used here (60-Hz sine waves of 0.25 sec), determined press rates by intensity functions using intensities of 100 and 200 IJA (in one procedure as much as 500 IJA). From data of procedures reported here, and also demonstrated in an experiment of Magnuson, Tadeusik, and Reid (1976), it is clear that these intensities are sufficient to disrupt pressing at the lower intensities. Furthermore, our data indicate that shifts in pressing continue to occur across days of stimulation with the higher intensities of ICS.…”

Section: The Data Ofsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…. Magnuson, Tadeusik, and Reid (1976) tested the possibility that morphine might differentially affect…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addictive agents and intracranial stimulation (ICS): Daily morphine, self-stimulation, and parameters of ICS

et al. 1978

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Rats fixed with chronically indwelling bipolar electrodes pressed daily for direct electrical intracranial stimulation (lCS) of the hypothalamus. Rats pressed for a variety of intensities of ICS. As daily sessions with ICS continued, rats were given doses of morphine sulfate. The data confirm that morphine can accelerate pressing for ICS regardless of the intensities of ICS. One set of procedures indicated that programming ICS of about 75 J.tA (60-Hz sine waves of .25 sec) was sufficient to disrupt pressing previously sustained by intensities of 25 J.tA or lower. There were considerable individual differences in rats' reactivity to morphine; some showed marked acceleration of pressing while others showed little or no acceleration. These differences were not a direct function of intensity of ICS.

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“…Recently collected data (Magnuson, Tadeusik, & Reid, 1976; Terando, Mirza, Zipnick, Overmier, Rossi, & Reid, Note 2) lead to the suggestion that intensities of ICS used in many studies of intracranial selfstimulation are sufficiently intense to disrupt the tissue as indexed by downward shifts in pressing for low-intensity ICS. The purpose of this study was to determine if the ICS used in studies following Amit et al (1970) is of sufficient magnitude to reduce pressing maintained by low-intensity ICS.…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in pressing for intracranial stimulation (ICS) after prolonged ICS

Becker

Reid

1977

Psychobiology

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Rats, fixed with two chronically indwelling electrodes, pressed daily for fixed intensities of ICS while press rates were tabulated. As daily testing for press rates continued, there were sessions in which 20-sec trains of low-intensity (20 j.U\ or less of 60-Hz sine waves) were imposed at some electrode sites. These trains of ICS led to reduced pressing rates for the fixed ICS, but 20 sec of intermittent ICS (.25 sec on, .25 sec off) or zero ICS did not. It was concluded that 20 sec ICS of low intensity, an ICS frequently used in studies of motivation, reduced the capacity of ICS to sustain pressing, probably by disrupting the tissue of ICS.A number of procedures involve programming durations of intracranial stimulation (ICS) of 20 sec or greater. Using these prolonged trains of ICS, Amit, Stern, and Wise (1970), as well as others following their lead, have demonstrated that daily hypothalamic ICS can lead to increased voluntary consumption of ethanol solutions. The typical procedure is to program 20 sec trains of ICS (6O-Hz sine waves of about 30 ,.,A), with intervals between trains of 20 sec, for 30 min a day. In a rat's home cage, an ethanol solution (typically 20"10 ethanol, v Iv) and tap water are presented while amounts consumed during day-long periods are tabulated. Rats that received ICS consumed considerable quantities of ethanol (sometimes taking the ethanol solutions almost exclusively) and furthermore maintained high levels of consumption beyond the days during which ICS was programm€!d.The finding that hypothalamic ICS can lead to increased consumption of ethanol is interesting and is, in part, the impetus for development of new theory and, in turn, for deriving new treatment practices for alcoholism (Amit & Sutherland, 1975; Amit, Levitan, & Sutherland, Note 1). The finding that ICS leads to heightened ethanol consumption, however, has not been found by everyone (e.g~, Martin & Myers, 1972), suggesting that subtle procedural difference between studies might account for differences in outcomes. Some of the potentially relevant variables have been studied and certain parametric manipulations of germane variables have been accomplished (Wise & James, 1974). The interpretation of the finding of enhanced ethanol consumption with ICS will, of course, vary depending on the circumstances under which the phenomenon is achieved.This research was supported by Grant DA 01049, National Institute of Drug Abuse, DHEW, and by a grant from the Distilled Spirits Council of the United States. 58One potentially relevant variable that has not been inspected is the possibility that the ICS used in these studies may be disrupting the tissue at the electrode tip. Recently collected data (Magnuson, Tadeusik, & Reid, 1976; Terando, Mirza, Zipnick, Overmier, Rossi, & Reid, Note 2) lead to the suggestion that intensities of ICS used in many studies of intracranial selfstimulation are sufficiently intense to disrupt the tissue as indexed by downward shifts in pressing for low-intensity ICS. The purpose of this study was to de...

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Addictive agents and intracranial stimulation: Self-stimulation under morphine, amphetamine, and chlorpromazine

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Addictive agents and intracranial stimulation:Daily amphetamine and hypothalamic self-stimulation

Addictive agents and intracranial stimulation:Daily amphetamine and hypothalamic self-stimulation

Addictive agents and intracranial stimulation (ICS): Daily morphine, self-stimulation, and parameters of ICS

Changes in pressing for intracranial stimulation (ICS) after prolonged ICS

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