Abstract:With the development of the ICD-11, the debate about classifying certain psychoactive substances such as antidepressant medication and caffeine as drugs of dependence is ignited again. We argue that any coherent theory of addiction needs to identify the neurobiological processes elicited by a potentially addictive substance and to clearly define the clinical symptoms associated with these processes, which can then be used to guide diagnosis. Tolerance development and withdrawal symptoms can occur with any phar- Show more
“…Gambling addiction may have caused more neuroadaptive changes than IGD (Mallorquí-Bagué et al 2017). 2) Behavioral addiction, unlike substance addiction, increases DA transmission in the VA modulated by reward predictability and habituation (Heinz et al 2019).…”
“…Gambling addiction may have caused more neuroadaptive changes than IGD (Mallorquí-Bagué et al 2017). 2) Behavioral addiction, unlike substance addiction, increases DA transmission in the VA modulated by reward predictability and habituation (Heinz et al 2019).…”
“…Studies were excluded if the plant extract tested consisted mainly of macronutrients (e.g., carbohydrates, proteins, fats), conventional foodstuff (e.g., potato, rice, wheat products), or pharmaceutical medications, or if it had an addictive potential (e.g., nicotine or marihuana). We included studies investigating caffeine because there is an ongoing debate in the literature about whether caffeine has an addictive potential [40,41,42,43]. Herbal teas, when the herbal substance is monographed in Ph,Eur [44] or in an official monograph such as one issued by the Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) [45], were not regarded as conventional foodstuff, since they are also considered in phytotherapy as an active remedy.…”
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Bioactive phytochemicals in food supplements are a trending approach to facilitate dieting and to improve patients’ adherence to reducing food and caloric intake. The aim of this systematic review was to assess efficacy and safety of the most commonly used bioactive phytochemicals with appetite/hunger-suppressing and/or satiety/fullness-increasing properties. To be eligible, studies needed to have included at least 10 patients per group aged 18 years or older with no serious health problems except for overweight or obesity. Of those studies, 32 met the inclusion criteria, in which 27 different plants were tested alone or as a combination, regarding their efficacy in suppressing appetite/hunger and/or increasing satiety/fullness. The plant extracts most tested were derived from Camellia sinensis (green tea), Capsicum annuum, and Coffea species. None of the plant extracts tested in several trials showed a consistent positive treatment effect. Furthermore, only a few adverse events were reported, but none serious. The findings revealed mostly inconclusive evidence that the tested bioactive phytochemicals are effective in suppressing appetite/hunger and/or increasing satiety/fullness. More systematic and high quality clinical studies are necessary to determine the benefits and safety of phytochemical complementary remedies for dampening the feeling of hunger during dieting.
“…La estructura y las definiciones propuestas para las categorías de diagnóstico de la CIE-11 están disponibles en la plataforma de la OMS (Organización Mundial de la Salud, 2019). Los Trastornos por consumo de sustancias y comportamientos adictivos constituyen una agrupación de trastornos que se desarrollan como resultado del uso de sustancias psicoactivas, incluidos los medicamentos, y trastornos debidos a conductas adictivas que se desarrollan como resultado de comportamientos específicos de recompensa y refuerzo repetitivos (Heinz, Daedelow, Wackerhagen y Di Chiara, 2019). Al igual que en la CIE-10, se ha de identificar primero la sustancia y luego calificar el síndrome clínico apropiado.…”
Section: Innovaciones Respecto a La Nosología De Las Adiccionesunclassified
“…Por el contrario, son criterios clave el craving o ansia de consumir drogas o de realizar el compor-Tabla 1. Diferencias fundamentales de la adicción a sustancias entre la CIE-10 y la CIE-11 tamiento (juego o videojuego), la búsqueda de sustancias y su consumo a pesar de las consecuencias dañinas (Heinz et al, 2019). A pesar de que estos síntomas se han asociado con la liberación de dopamina en el estriado ventral, la liberación de dopamina del estriado ventral por sí sola no es un criterio suficiente de la propiedad adictiva de una droga.…”
Section: Clasificación Actualizada Y Ampliada De Clases De Sustanciasunclassified
¿Mejora la CIE-11 los propósitos epidemiológicos y nosológicos de los Trastornos mentales, del comportamiento y del desarrollo? Does ICD-11 improve the epidemiological and nosological purposes of mental, behavioral and developmental disorders?
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